Monday, September 30, 2024

Randy Halprin: Death Row: Texas: (Where else would you expect to find a racist, anti—semitic judge who imposes the death penalty on someone who did not do the killing or even intend that a murder should take place?)… "Randy Halprin (pictured) was convicted and sentenced to death in a trial presided over by Dallas County Judge Vickers Cunningham, who referred to Halprin as a “f***ing Jew” and a “G*dd**n k**e” and called Halprin’s Latino co-defendants “wetb***s."…("Death Penalty Information Center);


QUOTE OF THE DAY:  "In June, Halprin commented on the newly-discovered information, saying, “I’m still in shock and reflecting on the news that I had a judge who hated Jews. It’s just a weird thing to have someone hate you for a religious view or how you were raised, or whatever. I can only hope the court is fair and pays attention to this.”

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PASSAGE OF THE DAY: "Halprin’s lawyers first learned of Judge Cunningham’s possible racial and religious bias as a result of news reports by the Dallas Morning News in 2018 that revealed that Cunningham had established a financial trust that rewarded his children if they married a white Christian of the opposite sex. Subsequent investigation by Halprin’s defense lawyers discovered that Cunningham had made bigoted comments about Jews in general and about Halprin personally."

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PASSAGE TWO OF THE DAY: "The rabbis’ letter describes Cunningham’s anti-Semitic actions, saying, “Drawing on enduring hateful and hurtful stereotypes about the Jewish people, Judge Cunningham attended a costume party dressed as a ‘Jew banker,’ and was quoted as having said that Jews ‘needed to be shut down because they controlled all the money and all the power.’” It cites biblical commands regarding the impartiality of judges, then goes on to link them to the ongoing importance of judicial fairness: “Judaism’s commitment to pursuing justice calls us to insist no judge can perform his or her tasks with integrity while holding religious or ethnic bias, discrimination or bigotry. Justice is only possible when we look at the actions of a person accused of crime, not who they are, where they come from, the color of their skin, or where they worship, if they do. And the possibility of justice is only possible if impartial courts hear out claims of judicial bias.”

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STORY: "Coalition of Jewish Organizations Seeks New Trial for Jewish Death-Row Prisoner in Texas Tried by Anti-Semitic Judge," published by The Death Penalty Information Center, updated on September 25, 2024.


GIST: "A coalition of national and local Jewish organizations and lawyers have asked the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals to stop the scheduled October 10, 2019 execution of a Jewish death-row prisoner to review his claim that the judge before whom he was tried was racist and anti-Semitic. Randy Halprin (pictured) was convicted and sentenced to death in a trial presided over by Dallas County Judge Vickers Cunningham, who referred to Halprin as a “f***ing Jew” and a “G*dd**n k**e” and called Halprin’s Latino co-defendants “wetb***s.” On September 5, 2019, the American Jewish Committee, the Union for Reform Judaism, the Central Conference of American Rabbis, and Men of Reform Judaism, and more than one hundred Jewish members of the State Bar of Texas filed an amicus brief with the state court in support of Halprin’s request for a stay of execution and a new trial free of bias.


Halprin was sentenced to death for the murder of a police officer who responded to a robbery committed by a group of inmates, later dubbed the“Texas 7,” who had escaped from a Texas prison in 2000. Halprin has long maintained that he was not involved in the shooting, but was convicted under Texas’ law of parties, which permits the death penalty based upon the actions of other participants in a felony, even if the defendant himself did not commit the killing or intend that a murder take place.


Halprin’s lawyers first learned of Judge Cunningham’s possible racial and religious bias as a result of news reports by the Dallas Morning News in 2018 that revealed that Cunningham had established a financial trust that rewarded his children if they married a white Christian of the opposite sex. Subsequent investigation by Halprin’s defense lawyers discovered that Cunningham had made bigoted comments about Jews in general and about Halprin personally. Halprin filed an appeal in May detailing Judge Cunningham’s bigoted speech and actions and arguing that Cunningham’s bias violated Halprin’s constitutional right to due process. In the stay application, they wrote, “Because the Supreme Court has held that a biased judge is structural error, …the evidence of bias, in and of itself, is more than sufficient to invalidate the conviction and sentence…. A biased judge constitutes a basic defect in the ‘whole adjudicatory framework’ of the trial.”

The amicus brief supports the stay and seeks further judicial review of the issue for Halprin. “If Judge Cunningham is the bigot described in the application, a fair trial has not yet happened,” the brief states. “Well into the twenty-first century, it is beyond dispute that a trial conducted before a racist judge who boasts of his bigotry is no trial at all. If the allegations here are true—and they unfortunately ring true—the trial was no trial, and the verdict no verdict, because the judge was no judge.”


The brief addresses the numerous ways in which Cunningham’s bias could have altered Halprin’s trial: “Even if Judge Cunningham were unaware of how his bias affected him, his prejudices—thinking of a Jewish defendant as a ‘k**e’ and his Latino co-defendants as ‘wetb***s’—rendered him unable to be neutral on pretrial motions, challenges to jurors, objections to evidence, proposed jury instructions, and his interactions with the lawyers, defendant, and jurors, regardless of whether they may appear facially neutral in the record.”


Two letters of support were also delivered to Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton and Dallas District Attorney John Creuzot, one from a group of interfaith leaders and another from a group of rabbis. The interfaith letter says, “As a diverse group of faith leaders, we stand united against any expression of hatred…. We are called to speak out against this bias and demand that our state leaders actively address anti-Semitism when it infects any public office or proceeding. In Mr. Halprin’s case, it is unacceptable that his legal proceedings were led by an official who appears to have harbored anti-Semitic beliefs.” The faith leaders continue, “There is no room for the possibility that the race, ethnicity, gender, or religious beliefs of the accused play a role in the proceedings. Any erosion of this basic right to be judged fairly and neutrally threatens the freedom and safety of all citizens.”


The rabbis’ letter describes Cunningham’s anti-Semitic actions, saying, “Drawing on enduring hateful and hurtful stereotypes about the Jewish people, Judge Cunningham attended a costume party dressed as a ‘Jew banker,’ and was quoted as having said that Jews ‘needed to be shut down because they controlled all the money and all the power.’” It cites biblical commands regarding the impartiality of judges, then goes on to link them to the ongoing importance of judicial fairness: “Judaism’s commitment to pursuing justice calls us to insist no judge can perform his or her tasks with integrity while holding religious or ethnic bias, discrimination or bigotry. Justice is only possible when we look at the actions of a person accused of crime, not who they are, where they come from, the color of their skin, or where they worship, if they do. And the possibility of justice is only possible if impartial courts hear out claims of judicial bias.”


 In June, the Anti-Defamation League filed a brief in support of Halprin, explaining the bigoted nature of Cunningham’s actions. It wrote that Cunningham’s “use of the term ‘Jew’ as a pejorative, and his apparent belief in the anti-Semitic conspiracy theory that Jews control money and power make it impossible to avoid the conclusion that he is an anti-Semite.”


In June, Halprin commented on the newly-discovered information, saying, “I’m still in shock and reflecting on the news that I had a judge who hated Jews. It’s just a weird thing to have someone hate you for a religious view or how you were raised, or whatever. I can only hope the court is fair and pays attention to this.”


The entire post can be read at:

https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/coalition-of-jewish-organizations-seek-to-new-trial-for-jewish-death-row-prisoner-in-texas-tried-by-anti-semitic-judge

PUBLISHER'S NOTE:  I am monitoring this case/issue/resource. Keep your eye on the Charles Smith Blog for reports on developments. The Toronto Star, my previous employer for more than twenty incredible years, has put considerable effort into exposing the harm caused by Dr. Charles Smith and his protectors - and into pushing for reform of Ontario's forensic pediatric pathology system. The Star has a "topic"  section which focuses on recent stories related to Dr. Charles Smith. It can be found at: http://www.thestar.com/topic/charlessmith. Information on "The Charles Smith Blog Award"- and its nomination process - can be found at: http://smithforensic.blogspot.com/2011/05/charles-smith-blog-award-nominations.html Please send any comments or information on other cases and issues of interest to the readers of this blog to: hlevy15@gmail.com.  Harold Levy: Publisher: The Charles Smith Blog.

  • SEE BREAKDOWN OF  SOME OF THE ON-GOING INTERNATIONAL CASES (OUTSIDE OF THE CONTINENTAL USA) THAT I AM FOLLOWING ON THIS BLOG,  AT THE LINK BELOW:  HL:


    https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/120008354894645705/4704913685758792985

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    FINAL WORD:  (Applicable to all of our wrongful conviction cases):  "Whenever there is a wrongful conviction, it exposes errors in our criminal legal system, and we hope that this case — and lessons from it — can prevent future injustices."
    Lawyer Radha Natarajan:
    Executive Director: New England Innocence Project;

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    FINAL, FINAL WORD: "Since its inception, the Innocence Project has pushed the criminal legal system to confront and correct the laws and policies that cause and contribute to wrongful convictions.   They never shied away from the hard cases — the ones involving eyewitness identifications, confessions, and bite marks. Instead, in the course of presenting scientific evidence of innocence, they've exposed the unreliability of evidence that was, for centuries, deemed untouchable." So true!


    Christina Swarns: Executive Director: The Innocence Project;
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David Bintz; Robert Bintz: Wisconsin; Major (Welcome) Development. (Jailhouse informant case; A cellmate.): Exonerated thanks to genetic genealogy after spending a quarter century in prison, HuffPost reports, noting that, "This DNA evidence did not match the Bintzes, according to the Wisconsin Innocence Project, but after the case went cold for a time, the Brown County District Attorney’s Office in 1998 eventually charged the two brothers with killing her."… "Prosecutors also depended on testimony from David Bintz’s cellmate in a jail where he had been serving time for an unrelated crime. The cellmate told guards about nightmares David Bintz was having, claiming he yelled “make sure she’s dead” in his sleep, according to the Investigative Genetic Genealogy Center. The cellmate also said David Bintz later admitted to helping his brother kill Lison."


PUBLISHER'S NOTE:  What do confidential police informants have to do with forensic science? (I'm glad you asked). Investigative  Reporter Pamela Colloff give us  a clue when she writes - at the link below -  "I’ve wanted to write about jailhouse informants for a long time because they often appear in troubled cases in which the other evidence is weak." That's my experience as  well as a criminal lawyer and an observer of criminal justice. Given the reality that jurors - thanks to the CSI effect - are becoming more and more insistent on the need for there to be forensic evidence, it is becoming more and more common for police to rely on shady tactics such as use of police snitches, staging lineups, coercing, inducing, or creating false confessions out of thin air, procuring false eyewitness testimony or concealing exculpatory evidence. 
Harold Levy: Publisher: The Charles Smith Blog:
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PASSAGE OF THE DAY: "In 2023, the Great North Innocence Project, with the help of the Investigative Genetic Genealogy Center at New Jersey’s Ramapo College, found that the DNA evidence found at the scene belonged to another man, William Joseph Hendricks. Hendricks, who is now deceased, had been convicted of similar crimes. The brothers were released on Wednesday following a hearing."


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QUOTE OF THE DAY: " James Mayer of the Great North Innocence Project has launched a GoFundMe to help Robert Bintz rebuild his life after 25 years in prison.

 “Innocent exonerees like Bobby come out of prison with almost nothing — no savings, no bank account, no driver’s license, no credit or rental history, no recent employment history, nowhere to live, Mayer wrote. “All this to go with the trauma of a quarter-century of wrongful imprisonment."


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STORY: "Brothers Who Spent 25 Years In Prison For Woman's Murder Exonerated," by Pocharapon Neammanee, published by Huffpost, on September 28, 2024. (Pocharapon (Mos) Neammanee covers crime at HuffPost. Previously he wrote for BuzzFeed News and Insider's breaking news teams.)


SUB-HEADING: "David Bintz, 69, and his younger brother, Robert Bintz, 68, were exonerated after advocates had DNA evidence from the case examined."



GIST: Two Wisconsin brothers who spent the last 25 years in prison after being wrongfully convicted of killing a woman in 1987 have been released after DNA evidence tied the murder to another suspect, The Wisconsin Innocence Project announced Friday.


David Bintz, 69, and his younger brother, Robert Bintz, 68 were sentenced to life in prison in 2000, after prosecutors say they killed Sandra Lison, 44, a mother of two, the Green Bay Press Gazette reports.


Lison’s body was found near a trail in the Machickanee Forest about 30 miles from Green Bay on Aug. 4, 1987, according to Robert Bintz’s motion to vacate


Detectives noticed Lison’s slip and nylons had been removed and most of the buttons on her dress were undone, and they determined she had been beaten, strangled, and sexually assaulted.


Semen was recovered from Lison’s body via vaginal swabs and from her dress, which also had been stained with blood.


 This DNA evidence did not match the Bintzes, according to the Wisconsin Innocence Project, but after the case went cold for a time, the Brown County District Attorney’s Office in 1998 eventually charged the two brothers with killing her.


Prosecutors alleged at the Bintzes’ trial that the two killed Lison during a robbery at the Good Times Tavern, a bar she worked at, the night before her body was discovered, according to the motion to vacate.


Prosecutors also depended on testimony from David Bintz’s cellmate in a jail where he had been serving time for an unrelated crime. 


The cellmate told guards about nightmares David Bintz was having, claiming he yelled “make sure she’s dead” in his sleep, according to the Investigative Genetic Genealogy Center


The cellmate also said David Bintz later admitted to helping his brother kill Lison.


In their closing statement at the Bintz brothers’ trial, prosecutors argued that “it’s clear that this was not a sexual assault,” and that “there is no evidence” to suggest the person who left the semen also killed Lison.


In 2023, the Great North Innocence Project, with the help of the Investigative Genetic Genealogy Center at New Jersey’s Ramapo College, found that the DNA evidence found at the scene belonged to another man, William Joseph Hendricks. Hendricks, who is now deceased, had been convicted of similar crimes.


The brothers were released on Wednesday following a hearing.


Judge Donald Zuidmulder told the court “Sandra Lison will rest in peace, because her true murderer is now known,” according to reports by NBC affiliate WGBA.


When asked how the brothers could have been sentenced to life in prison despite the lack of evidence, Brown County District Attorney David Lasee told the outlet that officials “followed the evidence that they had at that time, and that conviction was sound.”


Christopher Renz, Robert Bintz’s attorney, told HuffPost in an email that he and his colleagues are thrilled with Robert’s vacation.


“It is an injustice that can never be fully corrected, but we are glad to have obtained this relief when we were able so that he can enjoy the freedom that should never have been taken,” Renz said.


James Mayer of the Great North Innocence Project has launched a GoFundMe to help Robert Bintz rebuild his life after 25 years in prison.


“Innocent exonerees like Bobby come out of prison with almost nothing — no savings, no bank account, no driver’s license, no credit or rental history, no recent employment history, nowhere to live, Mayer wrote. “All this to go with the trauma of a quarter-century of wrongful imprisonment.""


The entire story can be read at:

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/brothers-who-spent-25-years-in-prison-for-womans-murder-exonerated-after-new-findings_n_66f81a12e4b027bd4385ee22

PUBLISHER'S NOTE:  I am monitoring this case/issue/resource. Keep your eye on the Charles Smith Blog for reports on developments. The Toronto Star, my previous employer for more than twenty incredible years, has put considerable effort into exposing the harm caused by Dr. Charles Smith and his protectors - and into pushing for reform of Ontario's forensic pediatric pathology system. The Star has a "topic"  section which focuses on recent stories related to Dr. Charles Smith. It can be found at: http://www.thestar.com/topic/charlessmith. Information on "The Charles Smith Blog Award"- and its nomination process - can be found at: http://smithforensic.blogspot.com/2011/05/charles-smith-blog-award-nominations.html Please send any comments or information on other cases and issues of interest to the readers of this blog to: hlevy15@gmail.com.  Harold Levy: Publisher: The Charles Smith Blog.

  • SEE BREAKDOWN OF  SOME OF THE ON-GOING INTERNATIONAL CASES (OUTSIDE OF THE CONTINENTAL USA) THAT I AM FOLLOWING ON THIS BLOG,  AT THE LINK BELOW:  HL:


    https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/120008354894645705/4704913685758792985

    ———————————————————————————————

    FINAL WORD:  (Applicable to all of our wrongful conviction cases):  "Whenever there is a wrongful conviction, it exposes errors in our criminal legal system, and we hope that this case — and lessons from it — can prevent future injustices."
    Lawyer Radha Natarajan:
    Executive Director: New England Innocence Project;

    —————————————————————————————————
    FINAL, FINAL WORD: "Since its inception, the Innocence Project has pushed the criminal legal system to confront and correct the laws and policies that cause and contribute to wrongful convictions.   They never shied away from the hard cases — the ones involving eyewitness identifications, confessions, and bite marks. Instead, in the course of presenting scientific evidence of innocence, they've exposed the unreliability of evidence that was, for centuries, deemed untouchable." So true!


    Christina Swarns: Executive Director: The Innocence Project;
———————————————————————

Robert Roberson (Death Row) Texas: His attorneys have filed a motion to remove a judge from the case and vacate his execution scheduled for October 17 - citing the invalid assignment of retired judge Deborah Oakes Evans to his case and circumstances that create an appearance that she is biased, The Innocence Project (staff) reports. “Mr. Roberson is an indigent, disabled father, diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder in 2018. He has maintained his innocence since first being wrongly accused of causing his daughter Nikki’s death in 2002 based on a “Shaken Baby Syndrome” diagnosis. He has been fighting to be heard from Texas’s death row since 2003. This case is truly a matter of life and death—with a pending execution date of October 17, 2024. That date was set by Judge Evans, a retired judge sitting by assignment, without first permitting Mr. Roberson a hearing. Thereafter, Judge Evans again denied Mr. Roberson a hearing on his Motion to Withdraw Execution Date even after he provided support for the fact that hearings on such motions are routine and that such motions are generally granted under the circumstances that were presented to her.



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REMINDER: Live online seminar: Shaken Baby Syndrome to be examined  on Wednesday, October 2d,  in the shadow of Robert Roberson's execution scheduled for October 17:


 ACCESS THIS LIVE ONLINE SEMINAR AT THE LINK BELOW: 

October 2, 2024.

10-11 AM   EDT (From April to October, Eastern Daylight Time is observed in most of Ontario, Quebec and parts of Nunavut. From October to April, Eastern Standard Time is in effect.)]

https://www.cato.org/events/shaken-baby-syndrome-examining-evidence-shadow-execution

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PASSAGE ONE  OF THE DAY: Now it has come to light that Judge Evans failed to follow the required statutory procedure for a retired judge to become eligible to accept assignments to preside over cases in lieu of elected judges. Because this is a jurisdictional issue that cannot be remedied retroactively, all actions that Judge Evans has taken in this matter are null and void. She cannot and should not serve as the presiding judge."

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PASSAGE TWO OF THE  DAY: "Moreover, the following factors, viewed in the totality, suggest the appearance of a lack of impartiality, a statutory basis for recusal: the opaque process whereby Judge Evans—who presided over Mr. Roberson’s previous habeas proceeding and recommended that he be denied a new trial—was assigned to this matter even before any case was pending; the deep personal relationships Judge Evans has with numerous individuals who have been involved in Mr. Roberson’s case over the years, including an attorney (now judge) who originally prosecuted the case, the judge who terminated Mr. Roberson’s parental rights, and the current Anderson County District Attorney who opposed habeas relief and sought the pending execution date; and arbitrary rulings in Mr. Roberson’s previous habeas proceeding and in a markedly similar “Shaken Baby” case involving many of the same people, to which Judge Evans was also purportedly assigned, after her retirement, when she had no authority to act as a judicial officer."

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POST: "Robert Roberson’s Attorneys File Motion to Remove Judge from Case and Vacate Execution," published by The Innocence Project, on September 25, 2024.


SUB-HEADING: "The attorneys cite the invalid assignment of retired judge Deborah Oakes Evans to his case and circumstances that create an appearance that she is biased."



VIDEO: NYT Opinion video: He Didn’t Kill His Child, But He’s About to Be Executed Anyway 


GIST: "Citing the invalid assignment of retired judge Deborah Oakes Evans to his case and circumstances that create an appearance that she is biased, attorneys for Robert Roberson filed a motion today asking the Presiding Judge for the region to remove Judge Evans and vacate the unlawful execution warrant and all related orders. 

Judge Evans issued an execution warrant and set Mr. Roberson’s execution date for October 17, 2024, without permitting a hearing. Yet new medical and scientific evidence proves his young daughter, Nikki, died from illness, accident, and medical error, not a homicide. 

The Motion to Vacate Unlawful Execution Warrant and All Related Orders and to Recuse Judge Deborah Oakes Evans, available here states: 

“Mr. Roberson is an indigent, disabled father, diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder in 2018. He has maintained his innocence since first being wrongly accused of causing his daughter Nikki’s death in 2002 based on a “Shaken Baby Syndrome” diagnosis. He has been fighting to be heard from Texas’s death row since 2003. This case is truly a matter of life and death—with a pending execution date of October 17, 2024. That date was set by Judge Evans, a retired judge sitting by assignment, without first permitting Mr. Roberson a hearing. See EX1-EX3. Thereafter, Judge Evans again denied Mr. Roberson a hearing on his Motion to Withdraw Execution Date even after he provided support for the fact that hearings on such motions are routine and that such motions are generally granted under the circumstances that were presented to her. See EX4-EX7. 

Now it has come to light that Judge Evans failed to follow the required statutory procedure for a retired judge to become eligible to accept assignments to preside over cases in lieu of elected judges. Because this is a jurisdictional issue that cannot be remedied retroactively, all actions that Judge Evans has taken in this matter are null and void. She cannot and should not serve as the presiding judge.

Moreover, the following factors, viewed in the totality, suggest the appearance of a lack of impartiality, a statutory basis for recusal:

  • the opaque process whereby Judge Evans—who presided over Mr. Roberson’s previous habeas proceeding and recommended that he be denied a new trial—was assigned to this matter even before any case was pending
  • the deep personal relationships Judge Evans has with numerous individuals who have been involved in Mr. Roberson’s case over the years, including an attorney (now judge) who originally prosecuted the case, the judge who terminated Mr. Roberson’s parental rights, and the current Anderson County District Attorney who opposed habeas relief and sought the pending execution date; and
  • arbitrary rulings in Mr. Roberson’s previous habeas proceeding and in a markedly similar “Shaken Baby” case involving many of the same people, to which Judge Evans was also purportedly assigned, after her retirement, when she had no authority to act as a judicial officer.

The totality of the circumstances, including the seriousness of this case, require prompt reassignment to an impartial judge who can vacate the unlawfully entered execution warrant and related orders, which Judge Evans signed absent lawful authority.” (Motion at pp. 2-3)

Mr. Roberson’s clemency petition is pending before Governor Greg Abbott and the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles, and has generated overwhelming support, including from a bipartisan group of 86 Texas legislators. A press release about the widespread support and the clemency petition can be accessed here

An overview of Mr. Roberson’s innocence case is here."

The entire post can be read at:

https://innocenceproject.org/robert-robersons-attorneys-file-motion-to-remove-judge-from-case-and-vacate-execution/

PUBLISHER'S NOTE:  I am monitoring this case/issue/resource. Keep your eye on the Charles Smith Blog for reports on developments. The Toronto Star, my previous employer for more than twenty incredible years, has put considerable effort into exposing the harm caused by Dr. Charles Smith and his protectors - and into pushing for reform of Ontario's forensic pediatric pathology system. The Star has a "topic"  section which focuses on recent stories related to Dr. Charles Smith. It can be found at: http://www.thestar.com/topic/charlessmith. Information on "The Charles Smith Blog Award"- and its nomination process - can be found at: http://smithforensic.blogspot.com/2011/05/charles-smith-blog-award-nominations.html Please send any comments or information on other cases and issues of interest to the readers of this blog to: hlevy15@gmail.com.  Harold Levy: Publisher: The Charles Smith Blog.

  • SEE BREAKDOWN OF  SOME OF THE ON-GOING INTERNATIONAL CASES (OUTSIDE OF THE CONTINENTAL USA) THAT I AM FOLLOWING ON THIS BLOG,  AT THE LINK BELOW:  HL:


    https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/120008354894645705/4704913685758792985

    ———————————————————————————————

    FINAL WORD:  (Applicable to all of our wrongful conviction cases):  "Whenever there is a wrongful conviction, it exposes errors in our criminal legal system, and we hope that this case — and lessons from it — can prevent future injustices."
    Lawyer Radha Natarajan:
    Executive Director: New England Innocence Project;

    —————————————————————————————————
    FINAL, FINAL WORD: "Since its inception, the Innocence Project has pushed the criminal legal system to confront and correct the laws and policies that cause and contribute to wrongful convictions.   They never shied away from the hard cases — the ones involving eyewitness identifications, confessions, and bite marks. Instead, in the course of presenting scientific evidence of innocence, they've exposed the unreliability of evidence that was, for centuries, deemed untouchable." So true!


    Christina Swarns: Executive Director: The Innocence Project;
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