NOTA BENE Mark this in your calendar and register for on-line attendance: Dr. Robert Moles will be leading a three hour class on the materials for his forthcoming book (which I eagerly await!): 'False Witness: The Disgraceful Dr Manock: Australia's greatest forensic and legal disaster. A central feature of the discussion: Derek Bromley, described by Dr, Moles as: A central feature of the discussion will be a focus on the case of Derek Bromley - a proud aboriginal man of the Ngarrindjeri and Narrunga people from South Australia . Wrongfully convicted, he served 40 years imprisonment before his recent release on parole."

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TO REGISTER:

https://www.wea-sa.com.au/54504

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BACKGROUND: HOW COLIN MANOCK WAS ALLOWED - UTTERLY UNCHECKED   - TO CORRODE SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA'S CRIMINAL JUSTICE  SYSTEM:  "For reasons not yet explained, South Australia in the late 1960s employed a person as chief forensic pathologist who was not qualified to do autopsies or to give evidence in court as an expert witness.  Despite informing the Supreme Court of these facts in the mid-1970s, forensic services continued to employ him in that capacity for the next 20 years. They enabled him to conduct 10,000 autopsies and to help secure over 400 wrongful convictions.  Dr Robert Moles revealed those facts in a national television program in 2001. Since then, he has conducted over 100 media discussions of these issues, written several books for the public and legal practitioners and made numerous applications to the courts.  Astonishingly, the courts have never permitted the disturbing facts concerning these issues to be admitted in any of those legal proceedings.  You will be shocked to learn of the extent of the incompetent, dishonest and flawed evidence used by the state to secure wrongful convictions and to cover-up serious crimes.  Despite wrongful convictions being a hot topic in the USA, Canada, the UK and New Zealand, none of them have anything to compare with the experience we have endured here in South Australia. (Dr. Bob Moles);

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BIO: Dr. Moles: "Dr Bob Moles - Miscarriages of Justice - South Australia, interstate and overseas. The speaker is an internationally acclaimed expert on these issues. He has appeared on many television and radio programs and published leading textbooks and academic articles on these issues. He is regularly involved as an advisor on many of Australia's leading wrongful conviction cases. In this lecture, Dr Moles will discuss many well-known South Australian criminal cases including that of Henry Keogh and Derek Bromley. His work has led to the creation of new appeal rights in five Australian jurisdictions - the first significant change to the appeal rights in Australia in over 100 years. He has provided submissions to the law reform agencies in Canada and the UK and discussed their cases in his books. This lecture is one not to be missed. A link to many of the general issues together with books and articles can be found at the Networked Knowledge Homepage: http//netk.net.au

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THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK: "Eight of the country's leading experts (including those retained by the prosecution) gave unequivocal and uncontroverted expert opinions stating that the evidence given at his trial was false and misleading. Despite that, the appeal court and the High Court of Australia, both refused him leave to appeal.  The reasoning of both courts was clearly inconsistent with well established legal principles governing criminal appeals.  Two of the judges of the High Court stated that he had clearly been the victim of a substantial miscarriage of justice and should have been acquitted.  Henry Keogh had only recently had his conviction for murder overturned on substantially similar evidence." 

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A RULING WHICH CRIES OUT TO BE CORRECTED: "This is an unprecedented calamity for the Australian legal system. If it is not corrected, the ruling will present insurmountable obstacles to the use of expert witnesses in future criminal cases.  At a time of much talk about 'reconciliation' and 'closing the gap' we must not become silent witnesses to such egregious misuse of our legal system."

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INSTRUCTIONS FROM DR.  MOLES  FOR JOINING THE CLASS IN PERSON OR ONLINE: "Just follow the link below - and if you are outside South Australia, please check the time difference with your location. You will be provided with links to substantial online sources to support our discussion. Registration is required: 

The entire notice from Dr, Moles can be read at:

https://www.wea-sa.com.au/54504

PUBLISHER'S NOTE:  I am monitoring this case/issue/resource. Keep your eye on the Charles Smith Blog for reports on developments. The Toronto Star, my previous employer for more than twenty incredible years, has put considerable effort into exposing the harm caused by Dr. Charles Smith and his protectors - and into pushing for reform of Ontario's forensic pediatric pathology system. The Star has a "topic"  section which focuses on recent stories related to Dr. Charles Smith. It can be found at: http://www.thestar.com/topic/charlessmith. Information on "The Charles Smith Blog Award"- and its nomination process - can be found at: http://smithforensic.blogspot.com/2011/05/charles-smith-blog-award-nominations.html Please send any comments or information on other cases and issues of interest to the readers of this blog to: hlevy15@gmail.com.  Harold Levy: Publisher: The Charles Smith Blog.

SEE BREAKDOWN OF  SOME OF THE ON-GOING INTERNATIONAL CASES (OUTSIDE OF THE CONTINENTAL USA) THAT I AM FOLLOWING ON THIS BLOG,  AT THE LINK BELOW:  HL:

https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/120008354894645705/4704913685758792985

———————————————————————————————

FINAL WORD:  (Applicable to all of our wrongful conviction cases):  "Whenever there is a wrongful conviction, it exposes errors in our criminal legal system, and we hope that this case — and lessons from it — can prevent future injustices."

Lawyer Radha Natarajan:

Executive Director: New England Innocence Project;

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FINAL, FINAL WORD: "Since its inception, the Innocence Project has pushed the criminal legal system to confront and correct the laws and policies that cause and contribute to wrongful convictions.   They never shied away from the hard cases — the ones involving eyewitness identifications, confessions, and bite marks. Instead, in the course of presenting scientific evidence of innocence, they've exposed the unreliability of evidence that was, for centuries, deemed untouchable." So true!

Christina Swarns: Executive Director: The Innocence Project;

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Technology gone wrong: Series: (Part 2): Sewell Setzer 111: From our 'They didn't teach me how too deal with an issue like this one in law school,' department; Can the mother of a14-year-old Florida boy sue the creator of a chatbot she alleges is connected to his death by suicide? ABC: News7 (previously reported: "Sewell Setzer III had been chatting for months with a chatbot he called "Daenerys Targaryen," after the Game of Thrones character. His mother says that although he knew he was not chatting with a real person, he became emotionally attached to the bot and sank into isolation and depression before taking his own life."

BACKGROUND: "His mother is suing Menlo Park-based "Character Technologies, Inc" -- which created the custom chatbot service CharacterBot AI. The lawsuit claims Character Technologies was reckless by offering minors access to lifelike companions without proper safeguards."

https://abc7news.com/post/silicon-valley-based-company-character-ai-sued-florida-14-year-olds-suicide/15461471/

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PASSAGE OF THE DAY: His mother is suing Menlo Park-based "Character Technologies, Inc" -- which created the custom chatbot service CharacterBot AI. The lawsuit claims Character Technologies was reckless by offering minors access to lifelike companions without proper safeguards."

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STORY: "Federal judge allows lawsuit that blames Bay Area company's AI chatbot for teen's death," by Reporter Tara Campbell, published by ABC7 News, on May 22, 2025. (Tara Campbell is a national Edward R. Murrow Award winning journalist currently reporting for KGO-ABC7 News Bay Area, where she focuses on lifting the voices of the marginalized and misunderstood."

SUB-HEADING: "The judge also made way for Garcia to move forward in holding Google accountable for its role in helping develop Character AI;

SUB-HEADING: "The mother of a 14-year-old Florida boy is suing a Silicon Valley-based Character.AI, saying its chatbot is connected to his death by suicide."

GIST: "SAN FRANCISCO (KGO) -- Wednesday marked a legal victory for Megan Garcia, who last year sued a Silicon Valley AI company saying its chatbot is connected to her 14-year-old son's death by suicide.

"I actually happened to be on the phone with my client when I saw the decision," said Meetali Jain, executive director of the Tech Justice Law Project. "Shock. Relief. Feeling like we were witnessing a historic moment for this particular sector."

Character Technologies, the company behind Character AI, tried to get the case dismissed but a federal judge on Wednesday rejected the company's arguments that its chatbots are protected by the First Amendment.

The lawsuit filed in Florida court claims the AI company was reckless by offering minors access to lifelike companions without proper safeguards."The legal arguments were hard, but that's only because they were novel, that there was very little precedent that guided us," said Jain. "On the First Amendment, you know, there hasn't been a case that looks at whether the outputs of an LLM are protected speech."

"AI is the new frontier in technology, but it's also uncharted territory in our legal system," said Steven Clark, legal analyst. "You'll see more cases like this being reviewed by courts trying to ascertain exactly what protections AI fits into."

The judge also made way for Garcia to move forward in holding Google accountable for its role in helping develop Character AI.

In a statement, a Google spokesperson wrote: "We strongly disagree with this decision. Google and Character AI are entirely separate, and Google did not create, design, or manage Character AI's app or any component part of it."

"This is a cautionary tale both for the corporations involved in producing artificial intelligence," said Clark. "And, for parents whose children are interacting with chatbots.""

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The entire story cannot be be read at:

https://abc7news.com/post/federal-judge-allows-lawsuit-silicon-valley-based-character-ai-blames-chatbot-teens-death/16501934/

PUBLISHER'S NOTE:  I am monitoring this case/issue/resource. Keep your eye on the Charles Smith Blog for reports on developments. The Toronto Star, my previous employer for more than twenty incredible years, has put considerable effort into exposing the harm caused by Dr. Charles Smith and his protectors - and into pushing for reform of Ontario's forensic pediatric pathology system. The Star has a "topic"  section which focuses on recent stories related to Dr. Charles Smith. It can be found at: http://www.thestar.com/topic/charlessmith. Information on "The Charles Smith Blog Award"- and its nomination process - can be found at: http://smithforensic.blogspot.com/2011/05/charles-smith-blog-award-nominations.html Please send any comments or information on other cases and issues of interest to the readers of this blog to: hlevy15@gmail.com.  Harold Levy: Publisher: The Charles Smith Blog.

SEE BREAKDOWN OF  SOME OF THE ON-GOING INTERNATIONAL CASES (OUTSIDE OF THE CONTINENTAL USA) THAT I AM FOLLOWING ON THIS BLOG,  AT THE LINK BELOW:  HL:

https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/120008354894645705/4704913685758792985

———————————————————————————————

FINAL WORD:  (Applicable to all of our wrongful conviction cases):  "Whenever there is a wrongful conviction, it exposes errors in our criminal legal system, and we hope that this case — and lessons from it — can prevent future injustices."

Lawyer Radha Natarajan:

Executive Director: New England Innocence Project;

—————————————————————————————————

FINAL, FINAL WORD: "Since its inception, the Innocence Project has pushed the criminal legal system to confront and correct the laws and policies that cause and contribute to wrongful convictions.   They never shied away from the hard cases — the ones involving eyewitness identifications, confessions, and bite marks. Instead, in the course of presenting scientific evidence of innocence, they've exposed the unreliability of evidence that was, for centuries, deemed untouchable." So true!

Christina Swarns: Executive Director: The Innocence Project;

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Ohkawara Kakohki Co: Japan: Police and Scientific Experimentation: "The case revolved around Ohkawara Kakohki Co., a Yokohama-based manufacturer and exporter of spray dryers. The Metropolitan Police Department believed the spray dryers could be used for military purposes, and that Ohkawara Kakohki was exporting the equipment without obtaining government permission. During voluntary questioning, Masaaki Okawara, the company president, and two other senior officials repeatedly said the equipment was not subject to export restrictions because it did not have a disinfecting function. Despite those statements, the three were arrested by police and indicted by the Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office in March 2020.")...From our 'What a unique decision!' department: Major (Welcome) Development: The terribly flawed investigation was illegal, as the court ruled, "because police failed to conduct an experiment to determine if the equipment had a disinfecting function, as asserted by the executives."

BACKGROUND: From a previous post of this Blog: 

PASSAGE OF THE DAY: "However, as the trial that began in July revealed, the prosecution's case was based on fabricated evidence and the extortion of confessions over the course of hundreds of interrogations. A police officer who was called to testify even suggested that the investigations were intended to serve the ambitions of some of his superiors.  At the start of the investigation in 2018, prosecutors contacted the Ministry of Economy (METI), which confirmed that there was nothing to prohibit exports of the machines in question, as they could not be used for military purposes.  The public prosecutor allegedly overlooked this fact and forced METI to collaborate with the prosecution.  An investigator also pressured one of the three defendants to sign a written statement, the contents of which were worded in such a way as to confirm the accusations.  Although the police consulted experts, one of them explained to the court, "What I said was changed." PASSAGE TWO OF THE DAY: "Like others before them, the Ohkawara Kakohki managers fell victim to the excesses of the Japanese justice system, which denies criminal suspects "the rights to due process and a fair trial," as Human Rights Watch (HRW) pointed out in a report published in May 2023.  Focused on obtaining confessions, it allows suspects to be held in police custody for up to 23 days, renewable indefinitely on the basis of other charges…"

https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/120008354894645705/5296055726993156403

----------------------------------------------------

PASSAGE OF THE DAY: "But the charges were dropped in July 2021 after prosecutors realized that the suspects were probably correct in asserting that the equipment was not subject to the export restrictions. By that time, one of the suspects, a company adviser, had died at the age of 72 before he could clear his name. In 2021, the surviving executives and other plaintiffs filed the lawsuit, seeking compensation for what they said was an illegal investigation by police and prosecutors. In December 2023, the Tokyo District Court ruled the investigation was illegal because police failed to conduct an experiment to determine if the equipment had a disinfecting function, as asserted by the executives.

Instead, the court said, Tokyo police made the arrests on vague grounds. Prosecutors also acted illegally because they indicted the three without making an independent evaluation of what the suspects had said about the equipment, the court ruled."

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STORY: "Court increases compensation for victims of ‘illegal’ investigation," by Staff Writer  Saori Kuroda,  published by Asahi Shinbum, on May 28, 2025.

GIST: "The Tokyo High Court on May 28 increased the compensation amount awarded to three company executives who were arrested in an “illegal” investigation concerning bogus allegations about weapons exports.

The investigation was so flawed that police officers involved in the case testified in favor of the plaintiffs.

The central and Tokyo metropolitan governments were ordered to pay 166 million yen ($1.2 million) to the plaintiffs, up from 160 million yen awarded by the Tokyo District Court in 2023.

The high court ruled there were fundamental problems in the decisions made by Tokyo police and prosecutors to determine if a crime had even been committed.

The case revolved around Ohkawara Kakohki Co., a Yokohama-based manufacturer and exporter of spray dryers.

The Metropolitan Police Department believed the spray dryers could be used for military purposes, and that Ohkawara Kakohki was exporting the equipment without obtaining government permission.

During voluntary questioning, Masaaki Okawara, the company president, and two other senior officials repeatedly said the equipment was not subject to export restrictions because it did not have a disinfecting function.

Despite those statements, the three were arrested by police and indicted by the Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office in March 2020.

But the charges were dropped in July 2021 after prosecutors realized that the suspects were probably correct in asserting that the equipment was not subject to the export restrictions.

By that time, one of the suspects, a company adviser, had died at the age of 72 before he could clear his name.

In 2021, the surviving executives and other plaintiffs filed the lawsuit, seeking compensation for what they said was an illegal investigation by police and prosecutors.

In December 2023, the Tokyo District Court ruled the investigation was illegal because police failed to conduct an experiment to determine if the equipment had a disinfecting function, as asserted by the executives.

Instead, the court said, Tokyo police made the arrests on vague grounds.

Prosecutors also acted illegally because they indicted the three without making an independent evaluation of what the suspects had said about the equipment, the court ruled.

In the district court trial, a police officer who worked the case gave stunning testimony that the investigation was fabricated.

In the Tokyo High Court trial, another police officer involved in the case testified that there was no reason to make the arrests.

After the high court ruling, Okawara said he hoped investigating agencies would examine the case so that such an incident never happens again.

The Metropolitan Police Department issued a statement saying it would decide how to proceed after carefully going over the ruling."

The entire story can be read at: 

https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15802106

PUBLISHER'S NOTE:  I am monitoring this case/issue/resource. Keep your eye on the Charles Smith Blog for reports on developments. The Toronto Star, my previous employer for more than twenty incredible years, has put considerable effort into exposing the harm caused by Dr. Charles Smith and his protectors - and into pushing for reform of Ontario's forensic pediatric pathology system. The Star has a "topic"  section which focuses on recent stories related to Dr. Charles Smith. It can be found at: http://www.thestar.com/topic/charlessmith. Information on "The Charles Smith Blog Award"- and its nomination process - can be found at: http://smithforensic.blogspot.com/2011/05/charles-smith-blog-award-nominations.html Please send any comments or information on other cases and issues of interest to the readers of this blog to: hlevy15@gmail.com.  Harold Levy: Publisher: The Charles Smith Blog.

SEE BREAKDOWN OF  SOME OF THE ON-GOING INTERNATIONAL CASES (OUTSIDE OF THE CONTINENTAL USA) THAT I AM FOLLOWING ON THIS BLOG,  AT THE LINK BELOW:  HL:

https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/120008354894645705/4704913685758792985

———————————————————————————————

FINAL WORD:  (Applicable to all of our wrongful conviction cases):  "Whenever there is a wrongful conviction, it exposes errors in our criminal legal system, and we hope that this case — and lessons from it — can prevent future injustices."

Lawyer Radha Natarajan:

Executive Director: New England Innocence Project;

—————————————————————————————————

FINAL, FINAL WORD: "Since its inception, the Innocence Project has pushed the criminal legal system to confront and correct the laws and policies that cause and contribute to wrongful convictions.   They never shied away from the hard cases — the ones involving eyewitness identifications, confessions, and bite marks. Instead, in the course of presenting scientific evidence of innocence, they've exposed the unreliability of evidence that was, for centuries, deemed untouchable." So true!

Christina Swarns: Executive Director: The Innocence Project;

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Chester Weger: Illinois: The Starved Rock Murder Case: The 1960 murder investigation comes under close scrutiny - while the existence of new evidence is probed - as a judge hears closing arguments in a hearing that could lead lead to a new trial, Starved Rock Media reports noting that: "The 86-year-old Weger was once again not in attendance. Attorney Andy Hale was asked by the judge if Weger was still ill, to which he answered “He's under the weather, yes”. Hale used a slide show with a projector to lay out his case to exonerate Weger. He dove into the 1960 investigation, saying the three victims were prominent women and Frances Murphy was especially targeted with the tip of her left index finger removed after her death along with suffering vaginal injuries. Hale called the murders planned and staged with a ‘lot of people in on it.’"

BACKGROUND: From a previous post of the Blog: "Chester Wager: Illinois: The Starved Rock murders: Starve Rock Media reports that testimony has wrapped up in a mini-trial evidentiary hearing described as featuring "three days of highly scientific testimony to go along with plenty of hearsay," in which, "The 86-year-old is trying to get his murder conviction overturned, with his defense offering what they say is new evidence that if presented to a jury now, would lead to a not guilty verdict."…"Colby Lasyone, chief of staff at Othram, Inc. says his Texas-based lab looked for a DNA profile on a hair found on the glove of Starved Rock murder victim Frances Murphy. His lab’s conclusion was that the hair was most likely linked to brothers Leo, Charles, and Edward Bray of Utica. To further their conclusion, the lab suggested exhuming the bodies of the brothers. That never happened."

https://smithforensic.blogspot.com/2025/05/chester-wager-illinois-starved-rock.html

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PASSAGE OF THE DAY: "Hale said as the investigation got cold, investigators claimed Weger failed a 7th polygraph test after passing 6 prior ones. He says it led to Weger’s arrest with no probable cause. After more threats, Weger says he confessed because he thought he was trying to save his life. Hale calls the confession the most ridiculous confession you can imagine, contradicting physical evidence and a timeline that was buried in the evidence. He says it’s a loud and clear ‘DNA exoneration’ with a hair on Murphy’s index finger traced to a man other than Weger. He says the defense met its burden just with this, saying Weger was framed."

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PASSAGE TWO OF THE DAY: "After about 4 hours, Judge Jansz set Wednesday, July 2nd as the date for his ruling. He says there’s a lot for him to think about but it’s his desire to ‘get this done as quickly as I can.’ Jansz indicated he won’t be determining guilt or innocence of Weger. Instead it’s a ruling to determine if new evidence probably would mean a different result in a new trial. If the answer is yes to that, than a new trial should be granted."

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STORY: "Sides Make Their Closing Arguments In Chester Weger Evidentiary Hearing," published by Starved Rock Media, on May 28, 2025. (No attribution);

GIST: "A capacity crowd filled Judge Michael Jansz’s courtroom to hear closing arguments Wednesday in the evidentiary hearing that could lead to vacating the murder conviction of Chester Weger.

The 86-year-old Weger was once again not in attendance. Attorney Andy Hale was asked by the judge if Weger was still ill, to which he answered “He's under the weather, yes”. Hale used a slide show with a projector to lay out his case to exonerate Weger. He dove into the 1960 investigation, saying the three victims were prominent women and Frances Murphy was especially targeted with the tip of her left index finger removed after her death along with suffering vaginal injuries. Hale called the murders planned and staged with a ‘lot of people in on it.’

Hale said as the investigation got cold, investigators claimed Weger failed a 7th polygraph test after passing 6 prior ones. He says it led to Weger’s arrest with no probable cause. After more threats, Weger says he confessed because he thought he was trying to save his life. Hale calls the confession the most ridiculous confession you can imagine, contradicting physical evidence and a timeline that was buried in the evidence. He says it’s a loud and clear ‘DNA exoneration’ with a hair on Murphy’s index finger traced to a man other than Weger. He says the defense met its burden just with this, saying Weger was framed.

Special prosecutor Mark Shlifka Jr. says the courtroom is a place for facts, not fiction. He says Weger’s case borders on absurdity, saying court isn’t a podcast or a Facebook page where everyone agrees with each other. Shlifka Jr. says every good conspiracy theory needs hearsay and Weger’s side is full of testimony that is unreliable. He says the mafia did it is a ‘lazy theory’. Shlifka Jr. says facts don’t support a mafia hit and Weger’s team is chasing ghosts.

When it comes to hair that didn’t come back as Weger’s, the prosecutor said its chain of custody was broken, making it unreliable. He questions many of Weger’s witnesses as well hanging onto supposed confessions that Weger was innocent for 40 or more years. Shlifka Jr. says the defense’s speculation is insulting to the judicial process.

The prosecutor goes on to point out that Weger’s jacket had human blood splatter on it and that numerous witnesses including Weger testified he had scratches on him the day of murders. Shlifka Jr. closes saying Weger’s team has no case and that their theory may entertain, but it doesn’t exonerate.

After about 4 hours, Judge Jansz set Wednesday, July 2nd as the date for his ruling. He says there’s a lot for him to think about but it’s his desire to ‘get this done as quickly as I can.’

Jansz indicated he won’t be determining guilt or innocence of Weger. Instead it’s a ruling to determine if new evidence probably would mean a different result in a new trial. If the answer is yes to that, than a new trial should be granted."

The entire story can be read at:

https://www.starvedrock.media/wlpo/sides-make-their-closing-arguments-in-chester-weger-evidentiary-hearing/article_819f370f-e0dd-4907-908f-30c727d8d8ce.html

PUBLISHER'S NOTE:  I am monitoring this case/issue/resource. Keep your eye on the Charles Smith Blog for reports on developments. The Toronto Star, my previous employer for more than twenty incredible years, has put considerable effort into exposing the harm caused by Dr. Charles Smith and his protectors - and into pushing for reform of Ontario's forensic pediatric pathology system. The Star has a "topic"  section which focuses on recent stories related to Dr. Charles Smith. It can be found at: http://www.thestar.com/topic/charlessmith. Information on "The Charles Smith Blog Award"- and its nomination process - can be found at: http://smithforensic.blogspot.com/2011/05/charles-smith-blog-award-nominations.html Please send any comments or information on other cases and issues of interest to the readers of this blog to: hlevy15@gmail.com.  Harold Levy: Publisher: The Charles Smith Blog.

SEE BREAKDOWN OF  SOME OF THE ON-GOING INTERNATIONAL CASES (OUTSIDE OF THE CONTINENTAL USA) THAT I AM FOLLOWING ON THIS BLOG,  AT THE LINK BELOW:  HL:

https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/120008354894645705/4704913685758792985

———————————————————————————————

FINAL WORD:  (Applicable to all of our wrongful conviction cases):  "Whenever there is a wrongful conviction, it exposes errors in our criminal legal system, and we hope that this case — and lessons from it — can prevent future injustices."

Lawyer Radha Natarajan:

Executive Director: New England Innocence Project;

—————————————————————————————————

FINAL, FINAL WORD: "Since its inception, the Innocence Project has pushed the criminal legal system to confront and correct the laws and policies that cause and contribute to wrongful convictions.   They never shied away from the hard cases — the ones involving eyewitness identifications, confessions, and bite marks. Instead, in the course of presenting scientific evidence of innocence, they've exposed the unreliability of evidence that was, for centuries, deemed untouchable." So true!

Christina Swarns: Executive Director: The Innocence Project;

——————————————————————————————