Tuesday, October 7, 2025

October 7: Robert Roberson: Death Row: Texas; Publisher's Note: Dear readers: Since I will be 'out of commission' for the month of October, I will be unable to report on developments surrounding Robert Roberson's scheduled execution by the State of Texas, which is to be carried out on October 16. Here's how you can keep plugged in on developments in my absence, thanks to The Center for Integrity in Forensic Science and The Innocence Project. Links provided. HL: PS: Public Pressure is crucial: I have also provided a link to the Innocence Project's petition I just signed. I hope you will too. HL;


PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Dear Readers: Since I will be  undertaking a writing a project for the month of October, I will be unable to report on  developments surrounding his  imminent execution by the State of  Texas, which  is to be carried out on  October 16 - unless, as I truly hope will happen, the authorities will buckle under public pressure, and cancel the execution. You can sign the Innocence Project  petition  as I have just done - and help assert that  pressure - at:

https://innocenceproject.org/petitions/justice-for-robert-roberson/

I have been following the Roberson case - (with mounting rage) in which the State of  of Texas (to its eternal discredit)  has been thirsting to kill an innocent,  autistic, grieving father on  the basis of debunked junk  shaken baby syndrome' (SBS)   so-called 'science' for years  - and will be able to continue publishing until  Wednesday, October 1.

For the rest of October, I suggest  you check in regularly to  the Centre for The Integrity of Forensic Science (CIFS)  and The Innocence Project, for up-to-date reporting and analysis. They can be be accessed at the following links.

Center for integrity  in forensic science:(CIFS) 

https://cifsjustice.org/news/

Innocence Project;

https://innocenceproject.org/

————————————————————————————————————

For those who are not familiar with the Roberson case, it will be helpful to  read the letter released by The CFIS,  and signed by 20 exonerees, including five who, like Mr. Roberson who appear on the SBS exoneree list maintained by the National Registry of Exonerations. 

The extraordinary letter calls on  Texas authorities to do everything in their power to prevent Mr. Roberson's execution, at the link below, saying, in part, "The signatories express relief for their own exonerations “after years of heartache, anguish, and despair,” and gratitude to finally be “reunited with our families and communities, free to rebuild the lives stolen from us by the State.” They urge: “This is what we want for Robert and what he deserves,” and implore the Texas authorities “to prevent the wrongful execution of this innocent father.”

THE ENTIRE LETTER CAN BE READ AT: 

part-2-robert-roberson-death-row-texas.html

————————————-

Timeline: Dallas Observer: September 22, 2025;

January 2022

Roberson takes his daughter, Nikki, to an emergency room in Palestine, saying that he found the girl unresponsive after she fell from her bed. In the days prior, Nikki had been diagnosed with a respiratory illness, had recorded a fever of 104.5 degrees and was given prescriptions for promethazine to treat the illness. Doctors later pronounced the toddler dead.

A doctor diagnoses Nikki with Shaken Baby Syndrome, a form of child abuse, and Roberson is charged with the death of his daughter and arrested.\

February 2003

During Roberson’s trial, medical providers testiy that they found Roberson’s response to his daughter’s illness suspicious, because he did not present the amount of distress they’d expect from a father whose daughter has just died. The experts also say they believe that Nikki died of head trauma that resulted from Roberson shaking her violently, and that an autopsy revealed brain bleeds and bruising.

One expert also testifies that they believe Roberson had sexually assaulted Nikki, but the claim is dropped after no evidence is found to support the claim.

Roberson’s lawyers, rather than argue that Nikki’s condition could have resulted from lifesaving measures taken or her prior illness, say the man did not intend to kill his daughter. At the trial’s end, Roberson is found guilty of capital murder and sentenced to death by an Anderson County court.

July 2007

The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals dismisses an appeal filed by Roberson’s attorneys, the first of several requests to reexamine the case that will be struck down. In the summer of 2015, the U.S. 5th Circuit Court of Appeals strikes down additional appeals requests.

2013


Texas becomes the first state in the United States to pass a law that allows criminal cases to be reexamined if they were argued using science that has since been disproven, known as the “junk science law.” 

Around the same time, questions regarding the legitimacy of the “Shaken Baby Syndrome” theory as a medical diagnosis begin to gain traction, with some researchers arguing that shaking a child with the rigor that would result in death would also result in other symptoms often unseen in SBS cases. In subsequent filings, Roberson’s legal team argues that Nikki’s diagnosed pneumonia, which developed into sepsis, should have been considered as a contributor to her death.

June 2016 

Lawyers argue that the scientific community’s evolving understanding of Shaken Baby Syndrome allowed the case to be granted a second look under Texas’ junk science law, and that testimony presented during the initial trial violated Roberson’s constitutional right to a fair proceeding.

Roberson’s first execution is stayed four days before he is scheduled to be killed, and the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals sends his case back to his Anderson County trial court to be reevaluated.

2018

Roberson is diagnosed with Autism, which some experts say could have contributed to his behavior on the day of Nikki’s death.

2021 


During the evidentiary trial, the defense presents updated scientific analysis that they believe brings the conclusion that Roberson killed Nikki by shaking her into question.

2023


In January, the court finds that there is not enough evidence to warrant Roberson’s case being overturned.

Roberson’s attorneys file an appeal to the United States Supreme Court outlining the case in May. The filing argues that the evidentiary trial’s refusal to thoroughly reexamine Roberson’s case proves that Texas’ junk science law is “meaningless.”

The Supreme Court rejects the appeal in October.

May 2024

Brian Wharton, the detective who investigated and testified against Roberson, tells The Dallas Morning News that he has regretted his involvement in the case “for 20 years,” and urges the State of Texas to take Roberson off death row.

“It would be a ter­ri­ble lega­cy for all of us to be asso­ci­at­ed with exe­cut­ing an inno­cent man based on a rush to judg­ment and bad sci­ence,” said Wharton. รข€‹”We must pre­vent Texas from mak­ing a trag­ic, irreversible mistake.”

July 2024

An Anderson County court convenes in July and determines that Roberson will be killed in October, his second execution date. Although his lawyers file additional appeals, arguing that Roberson’s autism diagnosis prevented him from being fairly tried, the requests are denied over the subsequent months.

October 2024


In the days leading up to Roberson’s execution, scheduled for Oct. 17, several appeals and pleas for clemency are ignored or denied, and outrage surrounding the case grows. On Oct. 15, two days before he is set to be killed, the Texas Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence approves a subpoena that calls for Roberson to testify before the committee.

The Texas parole board votes against commuting Roberson’s sentence, eliminating the final path for Gov. Greg Abbott to grant a pardon in the case. Abbott remains largely silent on the case even as attention grows.

Oct. 17, 2024

Roberson is scheduled to be killed by lethal injection at 6:00 p.m.

In the hours leading up to 6:00 p.m., members of the Texas Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence begin filing appeals in the case, arguing that the state carrying out the execution would override their right to subpoena Roberson, who is scheduled to testify on Oct. 21.

At 10:00 p.m., the Texas Supreme Court issues a stay on the execution, arguing that the conflicting interests of the judicial and legislative branches have introduced a constitutional crisis. Attorneys say Roberson is “shocked” to learn his execution has once again been delayed.

November 2024

Attorney General Ken Paxton bars Roberson from testifying in person before the Texas Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence.

The Texas Supreme Court rules that state lawmakers violated their constitutional duties by interfering with the scheduled execution of Roberson. Still, the body acknowledges the committee’s right to have Roberson testify, as he is alive.

July 2025

A judge schedules a third execution date for Roberson. He is scheduled to be killed at the Texas State Penitentiary on Oct. 16 at 6 p.m.

https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/timeline-robert-roberson-shaken-baby-texas-death-row-case-23308744/

All being well, I will be back in action at the beginning of November, and in the meantime I invite readers to keep sending me  comments,  suggestions, developments and tips, whatever,  at:

hlevy15@gmail.com

Harold Levy: Publisher: The Charles Smith Blog:

-------------------------------------

Monday, October 6, 2025

Back In Action: Catch up: Kofi Dill: Bermuda: The Trinity DNA Solutions debacle: Part Two: Discredited forensic expert Candy Zuleger: Faulty DNA evidence has sent Kofi Dill's case to a Bermuda Appeal Court, The Royal Gazette (Reporter Sam Stramgeways) reports. noting that: "Kofi Dill admitted he handled the Rexio RJ Series .38 Calibre Special revolver when he appeared before the Supreme Court in August 2011 — but the DNA evidence proffered by prosecutors has now been found to contain “numerous mistakes."…The DPP reopened Mr Dill’s case as part of a review launched in the wake of the quashing last year of the murder and attempted murder convictions of Julian Washington, also because of flawed DNA evidence. The review looked at all cases in which forensics expert Candy Zuleger, of Florida-based Trinity DNA Solutions, provided evidence that resulted in a conviction."


QUOTE OF THE DAY: "According to an affidavit sworn in August this year by Ms Clarke, which was shared with The Royal Gazette by the Bermuda Equal Justice Initiative, she “received and subsequently reviewed fresh evidence” about Mr Dill’s conviction “that brought the reliability of Candy Zuleger in this case into question”. Ms Clarke stated: “Numerous mistakes and omissions in the analysis and reporting of DNA profiles in this case have been identified to me, to the extent that I do not feel able to trust the reliability of the results produced by Trinity DNA Solutions in this case."

——————————————

MORE QUOTES OF THE DAY: "Ms Clarke added in her affidavit: “I am requesting this honourable court to allow the appeal, on the ground that there was a miscarriage of justice … Having reviewed all of the circumstances … I am of the opinion that it is not in the public interest for there to be a retrial.” Her affidavit was accompanied by a witness statement from Barbara Llewellyn, an expert in forensic DNA commissioned by the DPP. Dr Llewellyn described Ms Zuleger’s DNA profiling methods as “bad science” and “not allowed in any reputable and accredited forensic DNA laboratory”. She said Ms Zuleger was “very biased in her interpretation” of samples and “demonstrated a lack of training on how to interpret a mixed DNA profile and calculate the frequency of that evidence DNA profile in the population.”

------------------------------------------

.PASSAGE OF THE DAY: "Ms Clarke announced in August that the review of 273 cases was complete, with two more unsafe convictions identified. Mr Dill’s is the second of those; the first was Anwar Muhammad, who had his 2012 convictions for attempted murder and using a firearm overturned in the Court of Appeal in June"

STORY:"Faulty DNA evidence sends gun case to appeal court, by Reporter Sam Strangeways, published by The Royal Gazette, on October 22, 2025.

GIST: "Appeal court judges will be asked to overturn the “unsafe” conviction of a man imprisoned for eight years after he admitted handling a gun.

Kofi Dill admitted he handled the Rexio RJ Series .38 Calibre Special revolver when he appeared before the Supreme Court in August 2011 — but the DNA evidence proffered by prosecutors has now been found to contain “numerous mistakes”.

The matter is listed for the Court of Appeal on November 6, when Cindy Clarke, the Director of Public Prosecutions, will request that 46-year-old Mr Dill’s conviction be quashed owing to a “miscarriage of justice”.

The DPP reopened Mr Dill’s case as part of a review launched in the wake of the quashing last year of the murder and attempted murder convictions of Julian Washington, also because of flawed DNA evidence.

The review looked at all cases in which forensics expert Candy Zuleger, of Florida-based Trinity DNA Solutions, provided evidence that resulted in a conviction.

Ms Clarke announced in August that the review of 273 cases was complete, with two more unsafe convictions identified.

Mr Dill’s is the second of those; the first was Anwar Muhammad, who had his 2012 convictions for attempted murder and using a firearm overturned in the Court of Appeal in June.

According to an affidavit sworn in August this year by Ms Clarke, which was shared with The Royal Gazette by the Bermuda Equal Justice Initiative, she “received and subsequently reviewed fresh evidence” about Mr Dill’s conviction “that brought the reliability of Candy Zuleger in this case into question”.

Ms Clarke stated: “Numerous mistakes and omissions in the analysis and reporting of DNA profiles in this case have been identified to me, to the extent that I do not feel able to trust the reliability of the results produced by Trinity DNA Solutions in this case.

“I formed the opinion that Kofi Dill’s conviction in this case is unsafe.”

Ms Clarke said in her affidavit that she tried to reach Mr Dill to invite him to file an application for leave to appeal his conviction “out of time on the basis of fresh evidence” but was unsuccessful, so asked the Governor to make the application.

Of Mr Dill, she said: “I am informed that after he was released from HM Prisons, he relocated overseas.”

Ms Clarke added in her affidavit: “I am requesting this honourable court to allow the appeal, on the ground that there was a miscarriage of justice … Having reviewed all of the circumstances … I am of the opinion that it is not in the public interest for there to be a retrial.”

Her affidavit was accompanied by a witness statement from Barbara Llewellyn, an expert in forensic DNA commissioned by the DPP.

Dr Llewellyn described Ms Zuleger’s DNA profiling methods as “bad science” and “not allowed in any reputable and accredited forensic DNA laboratory”.

She said Ms Zuleger was “very biased in her interpretation” of samples and “demonstrated a lack of training on how to interpret a mixed DNA profile and calculate the frequency of that evidence DNA profile in the population”.

It is understood that Mr Dill is aware of the Court of Appeal hearing and is likely to appear remotely, represented by counsel from the legal aid office.

Mr Dill’s case involved a loaded firearm which was recovered by police on December 22, 2010, in the Government Gate area of Pembroke.

He admitted handling the gun, but pleaded not guilty to handling a .38 calibre bullet and that charge was left to lie on file.

A 22-year-old female co-defendant denied handling the same firearm and the Crown opted not to proceed with the case against her.

At Mr Dill’s sentencing hearing, Ms Clarke described him as a member of the 42 gang.

She said the revolver was found 20 metres east of his Pembroke residence, in a drawstring backpack on a wall, and that his DNA was later found on the weapon.

The BPS said in a statement at the time: “The recovery of this firearm and the sentence of Mr Dill to a lengthy jail term makes Bermuda a safer place …”

Ms Clarke declined to comment ahead of the appeal court hearing. It was not possible to reach Ms Zuleger."

The entire story cannot be read at:

https://www.royalgazette.com/crime/news/article/20251022/faulty-dna-evidence-sends-gun-case-to-appeal-court/

PUBLISHER'S NOTE:  I am monitoring this case/issue/resource. Keep your eye on the Charles Smith Blog for reports on developments. The Toronto Star, my previous employer for more than twenty incredible years, has put considerable effort into exposing the harm caused by Dr. Charles Smith and his protectors - and into pushing for reform of Ontario's forensic pediatric pathology system. The Star has a "topic"  section which focuses on recent stories related to Dr. Charles Smith. It can be found at: http://www.thestar.com/topic/charlessmith. Information on "The Charles Smith Blog Award"- and its nomination process - can be found at: http://smithforensic.blogspot.com/2011/05/charles-smith-blog-award-nominations.html Please send any comments or information on other cases and issues of interest to the readers of this blog to: hlevy15@gmail.com.  Harold Levy: Publisher: The Charles Smith Blog.

SEE BREAKDOWN OF  SOME OF THE ON-GOING INTERNATIONAL CASES (OUTSIDE OF THE CONTINENTAL USA) THAT I AM FOLLOWING ON THIS BLOG,  AT THE LINK BELOW:  HL:


https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/120008354894645705/4704913685758792985


———————————————————————————————

FINAL WORD:  (Applicable to all of our wrongful conviction cases):  "Whenever there is a wrongful conviction, it exposes errors in our criminal legal system, and we hope that this case — and lessons from it — can prevent future injustices."

Lawyer Radha Natarajan:

Executive Director: New England Innocence Project;


—————————————————————————————————


FINAL, FINAL WORD: "Since its inception, the Innocence Project has pushed the criminal legal system to confront and correct the laws and policies that cause and contribute to wrongful convictions.   They never shied away from the hard cases — the ones involving eyewitness identifications, confessions, and bite marks. Instead, in the course of presenting scientific evidence of innocence, they've exposed the unreliability of evidence that was, for centuries, deemed untouchable." So true!


Christina Swarns: Executive Director: The Innocence Project;


-------------------------------------------------------------------

October 6: Robert Roberson: Death Row: Texas; Publisher's Note: Dear readers: Since I will be 'out of commission' for the month of October, I will be unable to report on developments surrounding Robert Roberson's scheduled execution by the State of Texas, which is to be carried out on October 16. Here's how you can keep plugged in on developments in my absence, thanks to The Center for Integrity in Forensic Science and The Innocence Project. Links provided. HL: PS: Public Pressure is crucial: I have also provided a link to the Innocence Project's petition I just signed. I hope you will too. HL;


PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Dear Readers: Since I will be undertaking a writing project  for the month of October, I will be unable to report on  developments surrounding his  imminent execution by the State of  Texas, which  is to be carried out on  October 16 - unless, as I truly hope will happen, the authorities will buckle under public pressure, and cancel the execution. You can sign the Innocence Project petition  as I have just done - and help assert that  pressure - at:

https://innocenceproject.org/petitions/justice-for-robert-roberson/

I have been following the Roberson case - (with mounting rage) in which the State of  of Texas (to its eternal discredit)  has been thirsting to kill an innocent,  autistic, grieving father on  the basis of debunked junk  shaken baby syndrome' (SBS)   so-called 'science' for years  - and will be able to continue publishing until  Wednesday, October 1.

For the rest of October, I suggest  you check in regularly to  the Centre for The Integrity of Forensic Science (CIFS)  and The Innocence Project, for up-to-date reporting and analysis. They can be be accessed at the following links.

Center for integrity  in forensic science:(CIFS) 

https://cifsjustice.org/news/

Innocence Project;

https://innocenceproject.org/

————————————————————————————————————

For those who are not familiar with the Roberson case, it will be helpful to  read the letter released by The CFIS,  and signed by 20 exonerees, including five who, like Mr. Roberson who appear on the SBS exoneree list maintained by the National Registry of Exonerations. 

The extraordinary letter calls on  Texas authorities to do everything in their power to prevent Mr. Roberson's execution, at the link below, saying, in part, "The signatories express relief for their own exonerations “after years of heartache, anguish, and despair,” and gratitude to finally be “reunited with our families and communities, free to rebuild the lives stolen from us by the State.” They urge: “This is what we want for Robert and what he deserves,” and implore the Texas authorities “to prevent the wrongful execution of this innocent father.”

THE ENTIRE LETTER  CAN BE READ AT: 

part-2-robert-roberson-death-row-texas.html

————————————-

Timeline: Dallas Observer: September 22, 2025;

January 2022

Roberson takes his daughter, Nikki, to an emergency room in Palestine, saying that he found the girl unresponsive after she fell from her bed. In the days prior, Nikki had been diagnosed with a respiratory illness, had recorded a fever of 104.5 degrees and was given prescriptions for promethazine to treat the illness. Doctors later pronounced the toddler dead.

A doctor diagnoses Nikki with Shaken Baby Syndrome, a form of child abuse, and Roberson is charged with the death of his daughter and arrested.\

February 2003

During Roberson’s trial, medical providers testiy that they found Roberson’s response to his daughter’s illness suspicious, because he did not present the amount of distress they’d expect from a father whose daughter has just died. The experts also say they believe that Nikki died of head trauma that resulted from Roberson shaking her violently, and that an autopsy revealed brain bleeds and bruising.

One expert also testifies that they believe Roberson had sexually assaulted Nikki, but the claim is dropped after no evidence is found to support the claim.

Roberson’s lawyers, rather than argue that Nikki’s condition could have resulted from lifesaving measures taken or her prior illness, say the man did not intend to kill his daughter. At the trial’s end, Roberson is found guilty of capital murder and sentenced to death by an Anderson County court.

July 2007

The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals dismisses an appeal filed by Roberson’s attorneys, the first of several requests to reexamine the case that will be struck down. In the summer of 2015, the U.S. 5th Circuit Court of Appeals strikes down additional appeals requests.

2013


Texas becomes the first state in the United States to pass a law that allows criminal cases to be reexamined if they were argued using science that has since been disproven, known as the “junk science law.” 

Around the same time, questions regarding the legitimacy of the “Shaken Baby Syndrome” theory as a medical diagnosis begin to gain traction, with some researchers arguing that shaking a child with the rigor that would result in death would also result in other symptoms often unseen in SBS cases. In subsequent filings, Roberson’s legal team argues that Nikki’s diagnosed pneumonia, which developed into sepsis, should have been considered as a contributor to her death.

June 2016 

Lawyers argue that the scientific community’s evolving understanding of Shaken Baby Syndrome allowed the case to be granted a second look under Texas’ junk science law, and that testimony presented during the initial trial violated Roberson’s constitutional right to a fair proceeding.

Roberson’s first execution is stayed four days before he is scheduled to be killed, and the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals sends his case back to his Anderson County trial court to be reevaluated.

2018

Roberson is diagnosed with Autism, which some experts say could have contributed to his behavior on the day of Nikki’s death.

2021 


During the evidentiary trial, the defense presents updated scientific analysis that they believe brings the conclusion that Roberson killed Nikki by shaking her into question.

2023


In January, the court finds that there is not enough evidence to warrant Roberson’s case being overturned.

Roberson’s attorneys file an appeal to the United States Supreme Court outlining the case in May. The filing argues that the evidentiary trial’s refusal to thoroughly reexamine Roberson’s case proves that Texas’ junk science law is “meaningless.”

The Supreme Court rejects the appeal in October.

May 2024

Brian Wharton, the detective who investigated and testified against Roberson, tells The Dallas Morning News that he has regretted his involvement in the case “for 20 years,” and urges the State of Texas to take Roberson off death row.

“It would be a ter­ri­ble lega­cy for all of us to be asso­ci­at­ed with exe­cut­ing an inno­cent man based on a rush to judg­ment and bad sci­ence,” said Wharton. รข€‹”We must pre­vent Texas from mak­ing a trag­ic, irreversible mistake.”

July 2024

An Anderson County court convenes in July and determines that Roberson will be killed in October, his second execution date. Although his lawyers file additional appeals, arguing that Roberson’s autism diagnosis prevented him from being fairly tried, the requests are denied over the subsequent months.

October 2024


In the days leading up to Roberson’s execution, scheduled for Oct. 17, several appeals and pleas for clemency are ignored or denied, and outrage surrounding the case grows. On Oct. 15, two days before he is set to be killed, the Texas Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence approves a subpoena that calls for Roberson to testify before the committee.

The Texas parole board votes against commuting Roberson’s sentence, eliminating the final path for Gov. Greg Abbott to grant a pardon in the case. Abbott remains largely silent on the case even as attention grows.

Oct. 17, 2024

Roberson is scheduled to be killed by lethal injection at 6:00 p.m.

In the hours leading up to 6:00 p.m., members of the Texas Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence begin filing appeals in the case, arguing that the state carrying out the execution would override their right to subpoena Roberson, who is scheduled to testify on Oct. 21.

At 10:00 p.m., the Texas Supreme Court issues a stay on the execution, arguing that the conflicting interests of the judicial and legislative branches have introduced a constitutional crisis. Attorneys say Roberson is “shocked” to learn his execution has once again been delayed.

November 2024

Attorney General Ken Paxton bars Roberson from testifying in person before the Texas Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence.

The Texas Supreme Court rules that state lawmakers violated their constitutional duties by interfering with the scheduled execution of Roberson. Still, the body acknowledges the committee’s right to have Roberson testify, as he is alive.

July 2025

A judge schedules a third execution date for Roberson. He is scheduled to be killed at the Texas State Penitentiary on Oct. 16 at 6 p.m.

https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/timeline-robert-roberson-shaken-baby-texas-death-row-case-23308744/

All being well, I will be back in action at the beginning of November, and in the meantime I invite readers to keep sending me  comments,  suggestions, developments and tips, whatever,  at:

hlevy15@gmail.com

Harold Levy: Publisher: The Charles Smith Blog:

-------------------------------------