Sunday, November 26, 2017

Gugsa Abraham 'Abe' Dabela: Connecticut; Hasty finding of 'suicide' by local police questioned by family; Peter Valenti; Connecticut; Police Chief Disciplined In Suicide Case; The Patch reports: "The case of Abe Dabela is now one of several instances in which the actions of the Redding Police Department and its chief, Douglas Fuchs, are being scrutinized."..." Dabela's family is suing the department, accusing police of rushing to judgment rather than throughly investigating the incident. The lawsuit alleges the department mishandled the case from the beginning and that Dabela not only didn't commit suicide, there's still a killer on the loose. They say Dabela was not depressed and had not demonstrated any suicidal tendencies, and pointed to the fact that over the past few hours, he had been in two restaurants handing out business cards, trying to drum up new business. They also point to the fact that Dabela's DNA was not found on the trigger, though the DNA belonging to three other people — none of them responding police officers — was. They allege that while Dabela's hands were never tested for gunshot residue, the cuffs of his jacket were, and those tests came back negative."...Not the only case?



PASSAGE OF THE DAY: "The lawsuit alleges the department mishandled the case from the beginning and that Dabela not only didn't commit suicide, there's still a killer on the loose."

---------------------------------------------------------------------

GIST: "It is just before 2 a.m., the morning of April 5, 2014, and officers from the Redding Police Department are responding to a call of an overturned car on Umpawaug Road near Wayside Lane. Just off the road, in a leaf and dirt covered area, they find a Mercedes SUV one its roof. The driver's door was partially open. The windshield on the driver's side was shattered. Inside they found 39-year-old Gugsa Abraham Dabela, a local lawyer known to his family and friends simply as "Abe." When officers removed Dabela from the vehicle, they discovered he had two head wounds consistent with a bullet entering and exiting his head. He was pronounced dead at 2:11 a.m. Fatal crashes in Redding are not very common. While the town is fairly big by Connecticut standards, encompassing about 36 square miles, there are almost never more than two crashes in a year; often, there are none, according to local police records. About six hours later — before an autopsy had been done, before forensics tests had been run, before Dabela's family had been notified — a press release was issued by the police department saying that Dabela had been found dead. The release stated that the cause of death was suicide. It is a case – with its quickly made judgment – that has received renewed scrutiny in light of the department's handling of the suicide of Peter Valenti, who was first mistaken for a dummy and then left unexamined for about 30 minutes; time in which he possibly could have been saved. While the state police would eventually support the conclusion of suicide in the Dabela case— and it is certainly possible that's how Dabela died — Dabela's family is suing the department, accusing police of rushing to judgment rather than throughly investigating the incident. The lawsuit alleges the department mishandled the case from the beginning and that Dabela not only didn't commit suicide, there's still a killer on the loose. They say Dabela was not depressed and had not demonstrated any suicidal tendencies, and pointed to the fact that over the past few hours, he had been in two restaurants handing out business cards, trying to drum up new business. They also point to the fact that Dabela's DNA was not found on the trigger, though the DNA belonging to three other people — none of them responding police officers — was. They allege that while Dabela's hands were never tested for gunshot residue, the cuffs of his jacket were, and those tests came back negative. Not the only case: The case of Abe Dabela is now one of several instances in which the actions of the Redding Police Department and its chief, Douglas Fuchs, are being scrutinized."

Read on at the link below:
https://patch.com/connecticut/weston-ct/police-chief-disciplined-suicide-case-subject-complaints

PUBLISHER'S NOTE: I am monitoring this case/issue. Keep your eye on the Charles Smith Blog for reports on developments. The Toronto Star, my previous employer for more than twenty incredible years, has put considerable effort into exposing the harm caused by Dr. Charles Smith and his protectors - and into pushing for reform of Ontario's forensic pediatric pathology system. The Star has a "topic" section which focuses on recent stories related to Dr. Charles Smith. It can be found at: http://www.thestar.com/topic/charlessmith. Information on "The Charles Smith Blog Award"- and its nomination process - can be found at: http://smithforensic.blogspot.com/2011/05/charles-smith-blog-award-nominations.html Please send any comments or information on other cases and issues of interest to the readers of this blog to: hlevy15@gmail.com. Harold Levy; Publisher; The Charles Smith Blog.

Saturday, November 25, 2017

Trimega laboratories; Manchester U.K. Randox; Daiy Mail reports that More than 34,000 child custody cases could have been jeopardised by the forensics tampering scandal..."As the impact of the forensic data fiddling continues to grow, it can now be revealed the true number of criminal and civil cases affected may be higher than 44,000. This week the National Police Chiefs Council announced 10,000 criminal cases in England and Wales dating back to 2010, including rapes and murders, are being reviewed after two forensic scientists were arrested on suspicion of manipulation of drug and alcohol tests. But the impact on the family courts could be far wider as the laboratory was once carrying out at least 6,800 hair tests for drugs and alcohol in child welfare cases a year when it was run by Trimega. Last night there were calls for a public inquiry into the crisis, as critics questioned why it took so long for the authorities to investigate when High Court judges were warning back in 2011 of serious mistakes being made at the Manchester laboratory. One mother nearly had her children wrongly put into care before her drug sample was retested by a rival lab. The Mail has learnt one of the suspects under investigation was once a poster boy for the forensic world who boasted he had helped to shape the Government’s drug-driving laws brought in in March 2015. Considered an expert in his field, he gave expert testimony in court cases as to the reliability of his tests, and the scientist is said to have analysed over 50,000 samples for drugs during his career, many of which are now under review."..." Yesterday Norman Lamb, chairman of the science and technology select committee, called for a public inquiry into the scandal. He said: ‘The scale of the potential impact here is enormous, it beggars belief. The reality is this could impact on families across the country.’"


PASSAGE OF THE DAY:  "The Mail has learnt one of the suspects under investigation was once a poster boy for the forensic world who boasted he had helped to shape the Government’s drug-driving laws brought in in March 2015.  Considered an expert in his field, he gave expert testimony in court cases as to the reliability of his tests, and the scientist is said to have analysed over 50,000 samples for drugs during his career, many of which are now under review."

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SECOND PASSAGE OF THE DAY:  "Yesterday Norman Lamb, chairman of the science and technology select committee, called for a public inquiry into the scandal. He said: ‘The scale of the potential impact here is enormous, it beggars belief. The reality is this could impact on families across the country.’"

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STORY:  "More than 34,000 family court cases 'may have been hit by forensic tampering scandal,' by reporter Rebecca Camber, published by The Daily Mail on November 25, 2017.

SUB-HEADINGS: True number of criminal and civil cases affected may be higher than 44,000;       10,000 criminal cases in England and Wales dating back to 2010, including rapes and murders, are being reviewed;  2010-2014: lab run by Trimega Laboratories, Manchester, carried out about 34,000 tests for child custody cases.'  Went into administration; lab taken on by Randox which carried out hundreds of tests which are now under scrutiny.

GIST: "More than 34,000 child custody cases could have been jeopardised by the forensics tampering scandal. As the impact of the forensic data fiddling continues to grow, it can now be revealed the true number of criminal and civil cases affected may be higher than 44,000. This week the National Police Chiefs Council announced 10,000 criminal cases in England and Wales dating back to 2010, including rapes and murders, are being reviewed after two forensic scientists were arrested on suspicion of manipulation of drug and alcohol tests. But the impact on the family courts could be far wider as the laboratory was once carrying out at least 6,800 hair tests for drugs and alcohol in child welfare cases a year when it was run by Trimega. Last night there were calls for a public inquiry into the crisis, as critics questioned why it took so long for the authorities to investigate when High Court judges were warning back in 2011 of serious mistakes being made at the Manchester laboratory.
One mother nearly had her children wrongly put into care before her drug sample was retested by a rival lab. The Mail has learnt one of the suspects under investigation was once a poster boy for the forensic world who boasted he had helped to shape the Government’s drug-driving laws brought in in March 2015.  Considered an expert in his field, he gave expert testimony in court cases as to the reliability of his tests, and the scientist is said to have analysed over 50,000 samples for drugs during his career, many of which are now under review.  As the impact of the forensic data fiddling continues to grow, it can now be revealed the true number of criminal and civil cases affected may be higher than 44,000. (File photo) Between 2010 and 2014, when the lab was run by Trimega Laboratories, it is estimated to have carried out 34,000 tests for child custody cases.  After it went into administration, the lab was taken on by Randox which also carried out hundreds of tests which are now under scrutiny. Randox took on the premises, some of the equipment and some of the staff including the two main suspects alleged to have fiddled the tests.  The same lab, when it was run by Trimega, also churned out drug tests for inquests, nurses and employment checks for pilot and nurses, which could have put the public at risk if the results were wrong.  Yesterday Norman Lamb, chairman of the science and technology select committee, called for a public inquiry into the scandal. He said: ‘The scale of the potential impact here is enormous, it beggars belief. The reality is this could impact on families across the country.’"

The entire story can be found at:
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5115725/Forensic-tampering-scandal-hits-34-000-family-court-cases.html

PUBLISHER'S NOTE: I am monitoring this case/issue. Keep your eye on the Charles Smith Blog for reports on developments. The Toronto Star, my previous employer for more than twenty incredible years, has put considerable effort into exposing the harm caused by Dr. Charles Smith and his protectors - and into pushing for reform of Ontario's forensic pediatric pathology system. The Star has a "topic" section which focuses on recent stories related to Dr. Charles Smith. It can be found at: http://www.thestar.com/topic/charlessmith. Information on "The Charles Smith Blog Award"- and its nomination process - can be found at: http://smithforensic.blogspot.com/2011/05/charles-smith-blog-award-nominations.html Please send any comments or information on other cases and issues of interest to the readers of this blog to: hlevy15@gmail.com. Harold Levy; Publisher; The Charles Smith Blog.

Friday, November 24, 2017

Hassan Diab. Canada; (Under extradition in France): Bulletin: French court blocks release of Ottawa academic Hassan Diab for eighth time...(Disputed 'expert' forensic handwriting analysis is at the heart of this case. HL)...Ottawa Citizen reports; (Reporter Chris Cobb); November 14, 2017..."Investigating Judge Jean Marc Herbaut, one of the judges who has repeatedly ordered Diab’s release, ended his investigation into the case in July after saying previously that there is “consistent evidence” that Diab is telling the truth. During his almost three-year investigation, Herbaut visited Lebanon to interview – among others – some of Diab’s contemporaries. But in a surprise twist to the saga, Diab’s Ottawa lawyer Donald Bayne said a “foreign nation” has intervened with Herbaut and given the judge additional documents. Diab’s legal representatives refused to name the “foreign nation” but said it is neither Canada nor France. Bayne told this newspaper there is nothing new in the those documents which he said contain numerous factual errors. This newspaper has not seen the documents. But Judge Herbaut has apparently decided to re-open the case three months after announcing its closure to give the new intervention a fair hearing. After he closed the case in July, the judge gave prosecutors and defence lawyers 30 days to respond with final “observations,” as is normal practice in the French justice system. Herbaut said that 10 days after receiving those responses, he would rule whether Diab should be released and sent home to Canada, or go to trial for the alleged terrorist offences. Diab’s French lawyers responded and urged the judge to finally end the case against the academic."



"For the eighth time, a French appeals court has overturned a judicial order to release on bail former Ottawa university professor Hassan Diab. Since his extradition from Canada three years ago, four judges have ruled that the 63-year-old Canadian citizen should be released from the maximum-security Paris prison where he has been held on pre-trial detention. Following a now familiar pattern, an appeals court quashed the latest release order Tuesday. Lebanon-born Diab is the sole suspect in the October 1980 terrorist bombing of a Paris synagogue in which four passers-by were killed and more than 40 injured. He denies being involved and says he was studying in Beirut at the time of the bombing. The appeal judges are expected to release the reasons for Tuesday’s decision later this week but they have previously accepted the prosecution’s claim that Diab is a threat to public order and a flight risk. Diab’s French lawyer William Bourdon says the prosecution appeals are “not judicial but political” and motivated by a reluctance not to appear soft on terrorism. Investigating Judge Jean Marc Herbaut, one of the judges who has repeatedly ordered Diab’s release, ended his investigation into the case in July after saying previously that there is “consistent evidence” that Diab is telling the truth. During his almost three-year investigation, Herbaut visited Lebanon to interview – among others – some of Diab’s contemporaries. But in a surprise twist to the saga, Diab’s Ottawa lawyer Donald Bayne said a “foreign nation” has intervened with Herbaut and given the judge additional documents. Diab’s legal representatives refused to name the “foreign nation” but said it is neither Canada nor France. Bayne told this newspaper there is nothing new in the those documents which he said contain numerous factual errors. This newspaper has not seen the documents. But Judge Herbaut has apparently decided to re-open the case three months after announcing its closure to give the new intervention a fair hearing. After he closed the case in July, the judge gave prosecutors and defence lawyers 30 days to respond with final “observations,” as is normal practice in the French justice system. Herbaut said that 10 days after receiving those responses, he would rule whether Diab should be released and sent home to Canada, or go to trial for the alleged terrorist offences. Diab’s French lawyers responded and urged the judge to finally end the case against the academic."
http://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/french-court-blocks-release-of-ottawa-academic-hassan-diab-for-eighth-time

PUBLISHER'S NOTE: I am monitoring this case/issue. Keep your eye on the Charles Smith Blog for reports on developments. The Toronto Star, my previous employer for more than twenty incredible years, has put considerable effort into exposing the harm caused by Dr. Charles Smith and his protectors - and into pushing for reform of Ontario's forensic pediatric pathology system. The Star has a "topic" section which focuses on recent stories related to Dr. Charles Smith. It can be found at: http://www.thestar.com/topic/charlessmith. Information on "The Charles Smith Blog Award"- and its nomination process - can be found at: http://smithforensic.blogspot.com/2011/05/charles-smith-blog-award-nominations.html Please send any comments or information on other cases and issues of interest to the readers of this blog to: hlevy15@gmail.com. Harold Levy; Publisher; The Charles Smith Blog.

Thursday, November 23, 2017

Randox Forensics inquiry: UK: Drug-drivers to challenge convictions: "Two road death drug-drivers are trying to get their convictions quashed amid concerns forensic evidence in their cases had been manipulated."...


PASSAGE OF THE DAY:  "About 50 prosecutions have so far been dropped in what BBC home affairs correspondent Danny Shaw described as “the biggest forensic science scandal in the UK for decades”

------------------------------------------------------

STORY: "Randox Forensics Inquiry: Drug-drivers challenge conviction," published by Nova fm on November 22, 2017.

PHOTO CAPTION: "Most of the 10,000 cases that could be affected involved traffic offence."

GIST: "The pair, from Greater Manchester and Powys, Wales, want to launch Court of Appeal proceedings. It follows an investigation at Randox Testing Services in Manchester, where two scientists were arrested on suspicion of tampering with data. The inquiry prompted a review of more than 10,000 criminal investigations. About 50 prosecutions have so far been dropped in what BBC home affairs correspondent Danny Shaw described as “the biggest forensic science scandal in the UK for decades”. Matthew Bravender is appealing against his conviction after pleading guilty to causing death by careless driving while over the legal limit for a prescribed drug. The 38-year-old, of Agecroft, Greater Manchester, was jailed for five years and four months at Manchester Crown Court after 52-year-old pedestrian Alan Strong was struck and killed in April 2016. Also challenging his conviction is Anderson Ward, 39, who was jailed for causing the death of his girlfriend in a crash while he was high on drugs. Marie Hardes, 56, was killed after Ward lost control of a car on the M3 in Winchester in November 2014. He was sentenced to six years in prison after being found guilty of causing death by driving without due care while unfit through drugs, causing death by driving a vehicle unlicensed and possession of Class B and Class C drugs. More appeals could soon follow as thousands of toxicology tests are re-analysed. Three-quarters of the cases were traffic offences such as drug-driving, with the rest including violent crime, sexual offences and unexplained deaths, dating back to 2013. Two men have been arrested and five interviewed under caution by Greater Manchester Police over the alleged manipulation by individuals working at the Randox site. Retests have so far found no impact on cases of sexual offences, violence or murder, the National Police Chiefs’ Council said. Potential data manipulation at a separate facility, Trimega Laboratories, is also being investigated."

The entire story can be found at:

http://novafm.co.uk/2017/11/22/randox-forensics-inquiry-drug-drivers-to-challenge-convictions/

PUBLISHER'S NOTE: I am monitoring this case/issue. Keep your eye on the Charles Smith Blog for reports on developments. The Toronto Star, my previous employer for more than twenty incredible years, has put considerable effort into exposing the harm caused by Dr. Charles Smith and his protectors - and into pushing for reform of Ontario's forensic pediatric pathology system. The Star has a "topic" section which focuses on recent stories related to Dr. Charles Smith. It can be found at: http://www.thestar.com/topic/charlessmith. Information on "The Charles Smith Blog Award"- and its nomination process - can be found at: http://smithforensic.blogspot.com/2011/05/charles-smith-blog-award-nominations.html Please send any comments or information on other cases and issues of interest to the readers of this blog to: hlevy15@gmail.com. Harold Levy; Publisher; The Charles Smith Blog.

Gordon Wood; Susan Neill-Fraser; Henry Keogh: Australia; (A Fascinating read. HL); Blogger Andrew Urban (Pursue Democracy) discusses these cases in the context of securing murder convictions without evidence through the application of three imperatives..."Many people find it difficult to believe that our criminal justice system is capable of repeated and gross errors. But the example of just three cases show how the prosecution (protected by professional immunity) sought and secured a conviction by applying three ‘imperatives’ in each case. This breakdown shows that scenarios (however implausible) invented by prosecutors – when un-censured by judges – can persuade juries and help secure (wrongful) convictions. It’s rare, but not as rare as we like to think."


POST: "Securing murder convictions without evidence," by Andrew L. Urban, published on his Blog "Pursue Democracy: on November 23, 2017.

GIST: "Many people find it difficult to believe that our criminal justice system is capable of repeated and gross errors. But the example of just three cases show how the prosecution (protected by professional immunity) sought and secured a conviction by applying three ‘imperatives’ in each case. This breakdown shows that scenarios (however implausible) invented by prosecutors – when un-censured by judges – can persuade juries and help secure (wrongful) convictions. It’s rare, but not as rare as we like to think. Such miscarriages of justice put innocent people in jail and ruin many lives, undermine confidence in the courts and waste large amounts of money. More than criticisms of judicial decisions alone, they undermine the authority of the criminal justice system. The trigger for such speculative scenarios is lack of evidence, combined with failures at the investigation stage. When police are determined to bring a case against their suspect in a murder case and are unable to produce any direct evidence, there is a scramble for circumstantial evidence which can be manipulated to support a hypothesis. It’s called tunnel vision. Any clues or leads that do not fit the case constructed against the suspect is ignored. The brief to the Director Public Prosecutions is then massaged to fit the charge against the accused. This is where the prosecutor takes over and has to decide whether to proceed to trial with ‘reasonable and probable cause’ that a conviction can be secured on the basis of the evidence. In some cases, as shown here, that decision can only be substantiated by a creative approach which fills in the missing gaps in the evidence. It means speculating what might have happened, how the accused might have committed the murder. To succeed, this approach requires exceptional skills in story telling and jury psychology.
Juries – and defence teams – beware. Read on, at the link below,  for Urbans's description of the three imperatives - and his account as to how they were applied in each of the cases."
https://pursuedemocracy.com/2017/11/securing-murder-convictions-without-evidence/

PUBLISHER'S NOTE: I am monitoring this case/issue. Keep your eye on the Charles Smith Blog for reports on developments. The Toronto Star, my previous employer for more than twenty incredible years, has put considerable effort into exposing the harm caused by Dr. Charles Smith and his protectors - and into pushing for reform of Ontario's forensic pediatric pathology system. The Star has a "topic" section which focuses on recent stories related to Dr. Charles Smith. It can be found at: http://www.thestar.com/topic/charlessmith. Information on "The Charles Smith Blog Award"- and its nomination process - can be found at: http://smithforensic.blogspot.com/2011/05/charles-smith-blog-award-nominations.html Please send any comments or information on other cases and issues of interest to the readers of this blog to: hlevy15@gmail.com. Harold Levy; Publisher; The Charles Smith Blog.

Wednesday, November 22, 2017

Rodricus Crawford: Louisiana; Major Development: Released from death row, he alleges in a freshly launched lawsuit that the wrongful conviction which almost took his life (he is now only 29) was caused by a biased autopsy and a prosecutor's racism..." Rodricus Crawford, 29, sued the Caddo Parish coroner and district attorney's offices last Thursday, one year after the Louisiana Supreme Court overturned his first-degree murder conviction in the death of his 1-year-old son Roderius. Crawford's lawsuit claims authorities recklessly disregarded medical evidence that his son, Roderius Lott, had pneumonia and died of natural causes."..."The night before his son's death, Crawford and the child were sleeping in a fold-out couch. Relatives called 911 after Crawford woke up the next morning and noticed his son wasn't moving or breathing. The parish coroner had a "preconceived suspicion" that the child had been smothered to death based on the family's race and neighborhood where they lived, the suit says. The forensic pathologist who performed the autopsy didn't take routine tissue samples that would have shown the timing of the child's injuries, the suit says. The pathologist also falsely claimed that bacteria found in the child's blood may have come from a contaminated sample, it adds."


STORY: "Man freed from death row blames conviction on racial bias," by AP reporter Michael Kunzelman, published by WRAL on November 20 2107.

GIST:  "A biased autopsy and a prosecutor's racism and religious fervor corrupted the murder case against a black man freed from Louisiana's death row, a federal lawsuit says.   Rodricus Crawford, 29, sued the Caddo Parish coroner and district attorney's offices last Thursday, one year after the Louisiana Supreme Court overturned his first-degree murder conviction in the death of his 1-year-old son.   Crawford's lawsuit claims authorities recklessly disregarded medical evidence that his son, Roderius Lott, had pneumonia and died of natural causes. Investigators accused Crawford of smothering the child at their Shreveport home in February 2012. The suit also says Crawford was deprived of a fair trial by a prosecutor with a "racist world view" who followed a "biblical command" to secure the death penalty against black defendants. That prosecutor, former acting District Attorney Dale Cox, is an outspoken advocate of the death penalty who told a reporter he believes the state needs to "kill more people." Cox personally prosecuted one-third of the Louisiana cases that resulted in death sentences between 2010 and 2015, according to the Death Penalty Information Center.  Caddo Parish has a "well-known history of racism and the arbitrary application of the death penalty," the lawsuit says. The night before his son's death, Crawford and the child were sleeping in a fold-out couch. Relatives called 911 after Crawford woke up the next morning and noticed his son wasn't moving or breathing. The parish coroner had a "preconceived suspicion" that the child had been smothered to death based on the family's race and neighborhood where they lived, the suit says. The forensic pathologist who performed the autopsy didn't take routine tissue samples that would have shown the timing of the child's injuries, the suit says. The pathologist also falsely claimed that bacteria found in the child's blood may have come from a contaminated sample, it adds. Their "preconceived expectations and theories were based on race and racism, and they operated with deliberate indifference to these accepted professional standards of practice," the lawsuit says. The suit describes Crawford as a "proud and loving father" and accuses Cox of falsely portraying him as an absentee dad during his trial. "This argument was based on racial stereotypes and animus, and not upon the facts of this case," it says. Cox said Monday that he hadn't seen the lawsuit and couldn't comment on its allegations. John Prime, a spokesman for both the coroner and district attorney's offices, said he can't comment on pending litigation. James Stewart, who also is named as a defendant in the suit, became the first black district attorney in Caddo Parish after Cox decided not to run for election. Crawford was sentenced to death in November 2013 and remained on death row until the state Supreme Court reversed his conviction last year. The district attorney's office declined to retry him."



 http://www.wral.com/man-freed-from-death-row-blames-conviction-on-racial-bias/17129648/

For more insights into Louisiana's perverse criminal justice system read the following Wrongful Conviction Blog post at the link below..."Anyone interested in criminal justice knows that our system is broken. Two recent cases out of Louisiana highlight just how broken our system really is."
https://wrongfulconvictionsblog.org/2017/11/20/two-travesties-of-justice-and-not-a-single-apology-in-sight/

PUBLISHER'S NOTE: I am monitoring this case/issue. Keep your eye on the Charles Smith Blog for reports on developments. The Toronto Star, my previous employer for more than twenty incredible years, has put considerable effort into exposing the harm caused by Dr. Charles Smith and his protectors - and into pushing for reform of Ontario's forensic pediatric pathology system. The Star has a "topic" section which focuses on recent stories related to Dr. Charles Smith. It can be found at: http://www.thestar.com/topic/charlessmith. Information on "The Charles Smith Blog Award"- and its nomination process - can be found at: http://smithforensic.blogspot.com/2011/05/charles-smith-blog-award-nominations.html Please send any comments or information on other cases and issues of interest to the readers of this blog to: hlevy15@gmail.com. Harold Levy; Publisher; The Charles Smith Blog.