Smith For The Defence: Part Three; Did Judge's Praise of Smith's "Outstanding" Credentials Tip Jury In Favour Of Smith's Evidence?

"DR. SMITH HAS OUTSTANDING CREDENTIALS, AND IT IS HIS OPINION THAT TRISTAN'S INJURIES COULD HAVE POSSIBLY BEEN INFLICTED AS EARLY AS 6:00 P.M. ON SATURDAY THE FIFTH OF JANUARY."

FROM SUPERIOR COURT JUSTICE DAVID CRANE'S CHARGE TO THE JURY: REGINA VS. KUZYK;

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Expert evidence lay at the heart of the prosecution of Shelly Anne Kuzyk for the second-degree murder of her 15-month-old son Tristin;

There was however a clear conflict between the defence and prosecution experts as to the outer limits of the time at which the injuries took place - a central issue in the case.

It is therefore fair to ask whether Dr. Charles Smith's inflated description of his qualifications tipped the jury in favour of the defence.

To this Bloggist it is a given that Dr. Smith's decision to testify for the defence for the first time in his career was a major coup for Kuzyk's lawyer.

As Roger Yachetti told the jury on hearing this from Smith in Court, "I don't know whether to feel honoured or scared."

Indeed, Superior Court Justice David Crane told the jury that part of Kuzyk's defence was that, "That Dr. Smith has outstanding credentials, and it is his opinion that Tristan's injuries could have possibly been inflicted as early as 6:00 p.m. on Saturday the Fifth of January."

But Crane went even further in what, in retrospect, risked appearing to be an endorsement of Dr. Smith, by telling the jury:

"Lastly. in terms of timing of witnesses. Dr. Smith said hem-studied this case for the purposes of providing an opinion.

Dr. Smith has a specialty in Forensic Paediatric Pathology.

He says he investigates sudden and suspicious deaths.

He is the Director of the Sick Children's Hospital.

He performs autopsies of children for the Region of Toronto and elsewhere and there was a discussion of his qualifications, which I expect you will find to
be very extensive..."

These comments are particularly troubling for several reasons.

First and foremost, Justice Crane misstated Smith's qualifications when he described Dr. Smith as "having a specialty in forensic pediatric pathology."

Dr. Charles Smith is not qualified in "forensic pediatric pathology".

His specialty is in "pediatric pathology."

We know from the evidence called at the Goudge Inquiry that pathologists who choose to work in the forensic area - even though they lack formal certification - often refer to themselves as "forensic pathologists."

However Justice Crane went beyond this by using words that suggested Dr. Smith was was a certified specialist in forensic pediatric pathology.

I am not faulting Justice Crane as he did not have the benefit of all we have learned about Dr. Smith and about the world of forensic pathology from the Goudge Inquiry.

Besides, neither prosecutor Kevin McKenna or defence lawyer Yachetti corrected the inadvertent misinformation in the absence of the jury.

Secondly, the judge's apparent endorsement of Dr. Smith's C.V. - which he refers to as "very extensive" - would serve to elevate Dr. Smith's testimony over the evidence given by the battery of experts on the other side.

Lastly, incorrectly referring to Smith as "Director of the Sick children's Hospital" -which, if true, would be a position of considerable stature didn't help.

It's worth noting that the press reflected Dr. Smith's lofty credentials as described in the courtroom, as is evidenced by a Hamilton Spectator report on the trial published on Jan. 29, 1999;

"The defence also called Dr. Charles Smith, a leading specialist
in forensic pediatric pathology," the story said.

"Smith said Tristin died from non-accidental blunt trauma to the head, but disagreed that this happened no more than six hours before the child collapsed.

"There is no absolute science to the timing of injuries,"
Smith maintained.

He said it was possible that Tristin received the lethal head injury 10 or 11 hours before becoming unconscious...."

Dr Charles Smith..."A leading specialist in forensic pediatric pathology."

Here is how the Free Dictionary - an Internet dictionary - defines the word "leading" when used as an adjective:

"LEADING": - greatest in importance or degree or significance or achievement; (as in) "our greatest statesmen"; "the country's leading poet"; "a preeminent archeologist" preeminent superior - of or characteristic of high rank or importance; "a superior ruler."

BLOGGIST'S NOTE: The above analysis is in no way intended to reflect adversely on Shelly Kuzyk's acquittal after she took the witness box and gave her testimony to the jury. It's sole purpose is to shed light on Dr. Smith and the court process as is illustrated by what Dr Smith described as the first case in which he had testified as an expert witness for the defence.

Harold Levy; hlevy15@gmail.com;

Part Two: Dr. Smith's C.V. The Dumbing Down of Dr. Charles Randal Smith;

Dr. Charles Smith's testimony at the Goudge Inquiry and the information he has communicated about himself in his curriculum vitae bear no relationship to each other. Indeed, they are polar opposites.

As will be seen, he presented himself at the Inquiry as a pathologist who decided to do some forensic work that no one else wanted to do, taught himself a few things about forensic science, and did his best given his lack of training.

But in his C.V., which he prepared for use in Court, Dr. Smith portrays himself as a well-qualified forensic scientist, who has great understanding of science, as well as the justice system, and who is widely published and steeped in research. What is going on here? 

Here is my theory: Dr. Smith's testimony is geared towards the barrage of lawsuits that are piling up against him with a potential liability of millions of dollars to the medical insurer.

There are currently at least three lawsuits before the court - those launched by Brenda Waudby, Sharon's mother, and Tyrell's mother. A fourth lawsuit will ultimately be launched by William Mullins-Johnson, who spent more than twelve years in penitentiary as a result of Smith's opinion which turned a natural death into first-degree murder. Others are bound to follow suit

Now that the Ontario Court of Appeal has rejected that he cannot be sued because of a common law principle of absolute witness immunity, Dr. Smith's lawyers - and his insurers - must be thinking about the standard of care which he was expected to adhere to during the performance of his duties.

 If he can successfully argue that the standard of care is minimal - because it was not uncommon for pathologists such as himself to dabble in forensic work at the time - the ultimate to the insurers will be minimal. (Dr. Smith's oft-repeated refrain that he has committed errors" and "mistakes" - rather than out right negligent acts - also seems to this humble Blogster to be part of a damage control operation in contemplation of civil suits).

 It might be useful to examine Dr. Smith's testimony at the Inquiry, while bearing this theory in mind.

First, his responses to questions posed by Jane Langford, his lawyer; 

MS. JANE LANGFORD:

Dr. Smith, over the  course of your ten (10) or so years of medical training,  did you ever have occasion to work with a certified  forensic pathologist? 

DR. CHARLES SMITH: No.

MS. JANE LANGFORD: And in that time, Dr.  Smith, did you receive any training or participate in any  discussions about the role of an expert witness in Court proceedings?

DR. CHARLES SMITH: No... 

MS. JANE LANGFORD: You joined the staff  of the Hospital for Sick Children as a full-time  pathologist in 1981?

DR. CHARLES SMITH: I did.

MS. JANE LANGFORD: And, so Dr. Smith, am  I right that by the time you joined the staff of the  Hospital for Sick Children as a full-time pathologist,  you had had virtually no exposure to criminally  suspicious death investigations? 

DR. CHARLES SMITH: That's correct. 

MS. JANE LANGFORD: And you had virtually  no exposure to certified forensic pathologists?

DR. CHARLES SMITH: I had no exposure to  certified forensic pathologists.

MS. JANE LANGFORD: Do you recall this  being a concern of yours at the time? 

DR. CHARLES SMITH: No.

MS. JANE LANGFORD: Why not? 

DR. CHARLES SMITH: I was -- I was  following the practice pattern of -- of the more senior  colleagues in my department, and, so my -- my experience was the same as -- as theirs.  It was the same as -- as I understood, of  the other pediatric pathologists in Ontario who were  doing coroner's cases. I had no knowledge or understanding that there was any value added in forensic  pathology. That thought didn't cross my mind, and  certainly no one suggested it did. 

MS. JANE LANGFORD: Did you know any forensically-trained pathologists practising in a pediatric setting at that time?

DR. CHARLES SMITH: No... 

MS. JANE LANGFORD: And as your career  progressed, Dr. Smith, and you became more focussed on  pediatric forensic pathology, why did you not pursue any more specific forensic training? 

DR. CHARLES SMITH: It never occurred to  me that it was of value. 

MS. JANE LANGFORD: Did anyone suggest to you that you ought to pursue more specific forensic  training?  

DR. CHARLES SMITH: No. 

MS. JANE LANGFORD: And sitting here  today, Dr. Smith, with the benefit of hindsight, how  would you describe your forensic pathology education and training? 

DR. CHARLES SMITH: It was self-taught.  It was minimal. And retrospectively, I realize it was  woefully inadequate... Dr. Smith; My experience in the 1970s and 1980s,  which Dr. Pollanen wouldn't have had, would indicate to me that that statement was equally correct then. There  was seemingly no recognition that, within pediatric forensic pathology, there was a significant input or  value from the -- or to consider cases from the  perspective of forensic pathology. The emphasis was on  the pediatric side; the pediatric diseases and understanding pediatric disorders that could cause sudden  death, for instance.  

MS. JANE LANGFORD: And prior to the  publication of the results of the review conducted by the  Office of the Chief Coroner, Dr. Smith, did you recognize that there were significant gaps in your basic forensic pathology knowledge? 

DR. CHARLES SMITH: Well, I knew there were gaps, but those gaps I didn't believe were of  concern. For instance, I knew that I didn't know gunshot  wounds, but gunshot wounds are not a problem in pediatric  pathology here.  I knew that I didn't know the toxicology of drug abuse, but that, again, is not a topic of -- of relevance, and so while I understood that there were  areas I didn't know, I didn't understand that there were  areas of ignorance that -- that bore on the pediatric  forensic work.

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Now take a look at his response to  a question posed by Commission Counsel Linda Rothstein:

MS. LINDA ROTHSTEIN: The thing that you've  fastened on mostly, as I hear it, sir, is the lack of  expertise and formal training; the extraordinary gaps in  your knowledge -- as you just put it to your counsel --  in forensic pathology; that would be one (1) of the main reasons you would see that explains what went wrong here,  is that fair? 

DR. CHARLES SMITH: I believe -- I  believe that's a very significant factor, yes.

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Finally, it may be useful to consider Dr. Smith's response to a question posed by lawyer Peter Wardle as to why he did not tell court that there was "controversy" among pathologists over  the subject matter in question - and that an expert must fully present the judge or jury with the fact that there is "another side." 

DR. CHARLES SMITH: But, excuse me, Mr. Wardle, the -- the start of your question was: Did I not  appreciate that? I think it -- did I not appreciate that it 1 was my role to bring the controversy forward? And the --  and so I don't want to walk away from this, because I think this may be helpful, not only in understanding this  case, but maybe more globally. Was -- in fact, no I did not understand  that role. No one ever -- had ever told me. It had not crossed my mind at all. I admit that that was -- that  that expresses a position of ignorance about -- about my  role in the -- in the judicial system, but the reality is  no, I had no idea, and no one every told me.  None of my colleagues told me. I'm not  aware that my colleagues als(o) -- did that either. As I -- as we discussed testimony after trials were over and 1tried to sort of help understand from each other what  went on, none of us, to the best of my recollection, ever  went into court with papers that represented both sides  of the controversy.  So I plead ignorance on it. I realize it wasn't helpful, but -- but that is -- I was doing what I  thought was to be done.

Let's pause now and contrast Dr. Smith's professed "ignorance" of the most basic his testimony in court - where his testimony could send an innocent parent or caregiver to jail for life as the murderer of their child. 

At William Mullins-Johnson's trial for the first-degree murder of his 4-year-old niece Valin, for example, Dr. Smith was asked about the forensic work he did at the Hospital For Sick Children;

  "Okay. At the Hospital there are three (3) of us. I do the majority of the work, and if I'm not there someone has to stand in my place, so I do that," he replied. "The Pediatric Forensic Pathology Unit is unique. We're not aware, or the Chief Coroner isn't aware that there's an existence anywhere in North America, such a unit. So because of that I probably do a little bit more of this kind of work than anyone else in the country." 

We can see how he has placed himself at the top level of forensic pathology in North America with this testimony. As the case against Mullins-Johnson rested entirely on the scientific evidence, faced with this evidence - so contrary to the way in which he portrayed himself to the Goudge Inquiry - Mullins-Johnson was doomed. (In Kenneth's case, Smith told the jury that, "The vast majority of my work is in pediatric forensic pathology)."

It is also useful to compare Smith's professed ignorance of all things forensic to the way in which other participants in the criminal justice system saw him. For example, the prosecutor involved in an Ohio murder case where Dr. Smith testified, latter praised Smith in a letter he sent him, saying, "I along with my colleagues, found your work in this case to be truly outstanding. I can well imagine that pediatric forensic pathology must rank among the most unpleasant fields of medicine in which to practice, but society is indeed fortunate that a man of your calibre has chosen to do so." 

Also consider a senior officer's description of Dr. Smith's delivery of his evidence to the court in the Ohio case; "He was great in front of the jury," recalled (Detective John) Nethers, who was stunned to learn yesterday that Smith is now the subject of an inquiry,"...when Dr. Smith was on the stand, everybody in the courtroom seemed interested in what he was saying and was paying attention."

I will leave it to our readers to contrast Dr. Smith's self-deprecating testimony to the inquiry with his description of himself in his C.V. which was prepared for use in Court and his evidence in court as to his lofty qualifications;

To this Blogster, his testimony wreaks of damage control and self interest. It is exactly the kind of testimony one would expect from a man who would sue the Saskatoon Regional Health Board for wrongful dismissal for emotional stress - so that the Board's resources can be spent on him - rather than on the patients it serves.

A final note: That Board, under Chair person Darlene Eberle - did its job to protect the public from Dr. Charles Randall Smith (for which it got sued!) and deserves praise for its efforts - unlike the Ontario institutions such as the Hospital For Sick Children and the Chief Coroner's Office, which left the public at risk.

 Harold Levy...hlevy15@gmail.com;

Dr. Smith's CV: Part One: January 18, 2002;

After a brief break, this Blog returns with a bonus for our readers: Dr. Charles Smith's Curriculum Vitae.

The C.V., dated January 18, 2002, was prepared for use in court.

There was therefore an expectation on Dr. Smith's part that it would be introduced into evidence at the hearing in which the Crown sought to have him qualified as an expert.

I will refrain from laying out my thoughts on Dr. Smith's C.V. until part two of this mini-series.

In the meantime, I invite our readers to peruse it and send in their thoughts on the C.V. in the context of what we have learned about Dr. Smith's expertise at the Goudge Inquiry.

CURRICULUM VITAE: CHARLES RANDAL SMITH DIVISION OF PATHOLOGY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PEDIATRIC LABORATORY MEDICINE OF THE HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN DEPARTMENT OF LABORATORY MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO

I. BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION:
a)Name: Charles Randal Smith;

b)Date CV prepared: 18 January 2002;

c)Office address: Division of Pathology;
The Hospital for Sick Children,
555 University Avenue;
Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8;

d)Office telephone: (416) 813-5962 (voice); 416) 813-5974 (FAX);

e) Internet address: crsmith©sickkids.ca;

h) Date of birth: 22 May 1950;

i) Marital status: Married with two children;

j) Name of spouse: Karen Leta Smith, MD;

k) Social Insurance No. 000 000 000; (withheld by Blog);

II. EDUCATION:

a)Premedical: University of Saskatchewan;

b)Medical school: University of Saskatchewan;

c) Degrees/diplomas:

Doctor of Medicine 1975;

Licentiate of Medical Council of Canada 1979;

Fellow of Royal College of Physicians of Canada 1980;

Diplomate of American Board of Pathology:

in Anatomic Pathology 1980

in Pediatric Pathology 1999

d) Licensures held: College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario: 1980; General license: GL 31811;

III. EMPLOYMENT:

a) Present appointments:
Associate Professor, University of Toronto(1996) Medical Staff, the Hospital for Sick Children, (1981) Director, Ontario Pediatric Forensic Pathology Unit, (1992)Coroner's Pathologist for the Province of Ontario; (1981);

b) Previous appointments;
Lecturer, University of Toronto; (1981 - 1984);
Assistant Professor, University of Toronto; (1984 - 1996);

c) Cross appointments; None;

D) Date Tenure awarded; Not applicable;

e) Clinical experience;

Resident in Surgery, University of Saskatchewan; (1975 - 1976)
Resident in Pathology, University of Saskatchewan; (1976 - 1978);
Resident in Pathology, University of Toronto; (1978 - 1980);

f) Research experience; Research Assistant, The Hospital for Sick Children; (1980 - 1981);

IV: HONOURS/AWARDS:

Emmanuel Farber Award for Department of Pathology 1981;

Resident Research: University of Toronto;

J. B. Walter Award for teacher of the year: Department of Pathology; University of Toronto; 1989;

Dental Student Society Award for teacher of the year: Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; 1994;

V.
PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS AND ACTIVITIES:

Fellow Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada;

Fellow College of American Pathologists;

Member American Academy of Forensic Sciences;

Editorial boards: None;

Reviewer for journals: None;

Committee memberships:
i) Provincial/national:
Canadian Association of Pathologists
Member of Continuing Education Committee 1984 - 1989;

Chairman of Residency Training Committee 1986 - 1988;

Member of Governing Council 1986 - 1988;

Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
Member of Test Committee in Laboratory Medicine 1988 - 1992;

Member of Specialty Committee in Anatomic Pathology 1987 - 1988

Member of Specialty Committee in General Pathology 1987 - 1988

Member of Specialty Committee in Laboratory Medicine 1987 - 1988;

ii) Local
Ministry of the Solicitor General of the Province of Ontario
Member of Pediatric Review Committee 1988 -;

Member of Obstetrical Care Review Committee 1994 - 1997;

Member of Special Review Committee into Brantwood 1990 - 1991
iii.) and Christopher Robin Children's Homes;

Hospital and University:

The Hospital for Sick Children
Member of Mortality Review Committee 1984 - 1993;

Chairman of Diagnostic Laboratories Computer Committee 1988 - 1990;

Member of Clinical Computer Advisory Committee 1984 - 1987;

Member of MIS Steering Committee 1987 - 1989;

Member of Research Computer Advisory Committee 1984 - 1987;

Member of Medical Quality Assurance Committee 1983 - 1986
1991 - 1993;

Member of Quality Management Committee 1995 - 1997;

University of Toronto - Department of Pathology;

Member of Long Range Planning Committee 1988 - 1991;

Chairman of Residency Training Committee 1985 - 1989;

Member of Residency Training Committee 1978 - 1980
1989 - 1995;

Member of Human Resources Committee 1990 - 1997;

Member of Executive Committee 1985 - 1989;

Member of Committee for Education in Pathology 1985 - 1989
1992 - 1995;

University of Toronto - Faculty of Medicine;

Member of Educational Computing Coordinating Committee 1990 - 1992;

Member of Postgraduate Medical Education Committee 1985 - 1989;

e) Other community activities:

Registered, charitable organizations:

Board of Elders, Summit Community Church 1999 -;

Board of Directors, Leadership Development International 1998 -;

Other non-profit organizations:

Member of Canadian Hereford Association 199I -

Member of Ontario Hereford Association 1991 -

Member of Ontario Federation of Agriculture 1994 -

Member of Ontario Cattlemen's Association 1998 -

Leader, York Region of 4-H Canada 1999;

VI. ACADEMIC HISTORY:
a) Research endeavours:
In addition to projects of relevance to the practice of pediatric pathology and clinical pediatrics, my main area of interest is pediatric forensic pathology.

b) Research awards:
1982 -- 1984 Ontario Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation Intermediate filaments as markers in pediatric malignancies. R. Baumal, H. Yeger, C.R. Smith, M.J. Phillips;

National Cancer Institute of Canada
Nephroblastoma- a model for the investigation of tumor differentiation. M.J. Phillips, R. Baumal, H. Yeger, C.R. Smith;

Medical Research Council
IBAS II Automatic Image Analyzer (Equipment grant) M.J. Phillips, C.R. Smith, M. Rabinovitch;

National Cancer Institute of Canada Renewal of Nephroblastoma grant.
M.J. Phillips, R. Baumal, H. Yeger, C.R. Smith;

c) Other grants: In 1991, the Ministry of the Solicitor General of the Province of Ontario created the Ontario Pediatric Forensic Pathology Unit, of which I am the Director. Each year, the work of this Unit is supported by a grant for $200,000;

I was a member of an international team investigating the Spanish influenza epidemic of 1918-19. In 1997, research funding for this work was received from the National Institutes of Health (US $150,000) and from Roche UK (£ 100,000).

d) Visiting professorships 1996 University of Manitoba

e) Patents awarded: None;

VII. SCHOLARLY WORK AND CREATIVE PROFESSIONAL WRITING:

a) Refereed publications:

i) Articles:

1. Berry MP, Smith CR, Brown TC, Jenkin RDT, Rider WT. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the young.
Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 1980; 6: 415-421.

2. Hoag GN, Franks CR, Smith C, DeCouteau WE.
Creatine kinase isoenzyme patterns in normal smooth muscle and smooth muscle neoplasms.
Clin Biochem 1980; 13: 149-150.

3. Balaton J, Hoag GN, Franks CR, Smith CR, DeCouteau WE. Creatine kinase isoenzyme patterns in neoplasms of peripheral nerve. Clin Chem 1980; 26: 1888-1889.

4. Smith CR, Chan H, deSa DJ. Placental involvement in congenital neuroblastorna. J Clin Path 1981; 34: 785-789.

5. Prober CG, Smith CR, Middleton PJ, Silver MM. Fever in a newborn (clinical conference). Can Med Assoc J 1982; 127: 1085-1090.

6. Phillips MJ, Oshio C, Miyairi M, Katz H. Smith CR. A study of bile canalicular contractions in isolated hepatocytes. Hepatology 1982; 2: 763-768.

7. Phillips MJ, Oshio C, Miyairi M, Smith CR.
Intrahepatic cholestasis as a canalicular motility disorder: evidence using cytochalasin.
Lab Invest 1983; 48: 205-211.

8. Phillips MJ, Oshio C, Miyairi M. Watanabe S, Smith CR. What is actin doing in the liver cell? Hepatology 1983; 3: 433-436.

9. Khan H, Yeger H, Kassim 0, Jorgensen Al, MacLennan DJ, Baumal R. Smith CR, Phillips MJ.
Ir rnunohistochemical and electron microscopic assessment of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma: increased frequency of diagnosis over routine histological methods. Cancer 1983; 51: 1897-1903.

10. Watanabe S, Miyairi M, Oshio C, Smith CR, Phillips MJ.
Phalloidin alters bile canalicular contractility in primary monolayer cultures of rat liver.
Gastroenterology 1983; 85: 245-253.

11. O'Sullivan P, Daneman A, Chan HSL, Smith. C, Robey G, Fitz C, Martin DJ. Extragonadal endodermal sinus tumors in children: a review of 24 cases. Pediatr Radiol 1983; 13: 249-257.

12. Murphy JP, Filler RM, Muraji T, Bahoric A, Kent G, Smith C. Effect of the prosthetic airway splint on growing trachea. J Pediatr Surg 1983; 18: 872-878.

13. Ein SH, Muraji T, Murphy P, Almal.ld T, Kent G, Smith C, Bahoric A, Filler RM. Tracheal reconstruction with vascularized muscle supported by an external splint. Surg Forum 1983; 34: 575-577.

14. Prober CG, Whyte J, Smith CR. Open lung biopsy in immunocompromised children with pulmonary infiltrates. Am J Dis Child 1984; 138: 60-63.

15. Miyairi M, Oshio C, Watanabe S, Smith CR, Yousef IM, Phillips MJ. Taurocholate accelerates bile canalicular contractions in isolated rat hepatocytes. Gastroenterology 1984; 87: 788-792.

16. Donoghue V, Daneman A, Krajbich I, Smith CR. CT appearance of sacroiliac joint trauma in children. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1985; 9: 352-356.

17. Durie PR, Gaskin KJ, Ogilvie JE, Smith CR, Forstner GG, Largman C. Serial alterations in the forms of immunoreactive pancreatic cationic trypsin in plasma from patients with acute pancreatitis.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1985; 4:199-207.

18. Oshio C, Miyairi M, Watanabe S, Smith CR, Phillips MJ.
Colchicine effect on bile canalicular motility: long-term study using isolated cultured hepatocytes and time-lapse cinephotomicrography.
Liver 1985; 5: 101-107.

19. Chan HSL, Sonley MJ, Moes CAF, Daneman A, Smith CR, Martin DJ. Primary and secondary tumors of childhood involving the heart, pericardium and great vessels.
Cancer 1985; 56: 825-836.

20. Smith CR, Oshio C, Miyairi M, Katz H, Phillips MJ.
Coordination of the contractile activity of bile canaliculi. Evidence from spontaneous contractions in vitro.
Lab Invest 1985; 53: 270-274.

21. Watanabe S, Smith CR, Phillips MJ.
Coordination of the contractile activity of bile canaliculi. Evidence from calcium microinjection of triplet hepatocytes.
Lab Invest 1985; 53: 275-279.

22. Cohen RC, Filler RM, Konuma K, Bahoric A, Kent G, Smith C. The successful reconstruction of thoracic tracheal defects with free periosteal grafts. J Pediatr Surg 1985; 20: 852-858.

23. Rush PJ, Bernstein BH, Smith CR, Shore A. Chronic arthritis following benign rheumatoid nodules of childhood. Arth Rheum 1985; 28: 1175-1178.

24. David SL, Absalom DR, Smith CR, Gams J, Herbert MA. Effect of low level direct current on in vivo tumor growth in hamsters. Cancer Res 1985; 45: 5625-5631.

25. Laxer RM, Cameron BJ, Chiasson D, Smith CR, Stein LD.
The camptodactyly-arthropathy-pericarditis syndrome: case report and literature review.
Arth Rheum 1986; 29: 439-444.

26. Allen U, Smith CR, Prober CG. The value of skin biopsies in febrile, neutropenic, immunocompromised children. Am J Dis Child 1986; 140: 459-461.

27. Cohen RC, Filler RM, Konuma K, Bahoric A, Smith C. A new model of tracheal stenosis and its repair 'with free periosteal grafts. J Thor Cardiovasc Surg 1986; 92: 296-304.

28. Lichtman S, Hayes G, Stringer DA, Moore D, Blair G, Smith C, Dune PR, Filler R.
Chronic intussusception due to antral myoepithelioma.
J Pediatr Surg 1986; 21: 955-956.

29. Cohen EK, Stringer DA, Smith CR, Daneman A. Hydrops of the gallbladder in typhoid fever as demonstrated by sonography.
J Clin Ultrasound 1986; 14: 633-635.

30. Liu P, Daneman A, Stringer DA, Smith CR.
Computed tomography of hemangiomas and related sot tissue lesions in children.
J Can Assoc Radiol 1986; 37: 248-255.

31. Bohn DJ, Biggar WD, Smith CR, Conn AW, Barker GA.
The influence of hypothermia and barbituate therapy on morbidity and mortality in near-drowning: a clinical and pathological evaluation.
Crit Care Med 1986; 14: 529-534.

32. Peeters MA, Smith C, Saunders EF. Secondary Hodgkin's disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Med Pediatr Oncol 1986; 14: 230-233.

33. Rush PJ, Shore A, Wilmot D, Smith C. Discoid meniscus presenting as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
J Rheumatol 1987; 13: 1173-1177.

0. Campbell AN, Chan HSL, O'Brien A, Smith CR, Becker LE. Malignant tumors in the neonate. Arch Dis Child 1987; 62: 19-23.

1. Vinograd I, Filler RM, England SJ, Smith C, Peonaru D, Bahoric A, Kent G. Tracheomalacia: an experimental animal model for a new surgical approach. J Surg Res 1987; 42: 597-604.

2. Berman L, Stringer DA, St Onge A, Daneman A, Smith C.
Sonographic diagnosis of unilateral hamatocolpos in uterine duplication associated with renal agenesis.
Clin Radiol 1987; 38: 545-547.

3. Loeff DS, Filler RM, Vinograd I, Ein SH, Williams WG, Smith CR, Bahoric A. Congenital tracheal stenosis: a review of 22 patients from 1965 to 1987.
J Pediatr Surg 1988; 23: 744-748.

0. Richardson SE, Karmali MA, Becker LE, Smith CR.
The histopathology of the hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with verocytotoxinproducing Escherichia coli (VTEC) infections.
Hum Pathol 1988: 19: 1102-1108.

1. Hynes B, Cole P, Forte V, Corey B, Smith CR.
The evaluation of intranasal topical beclomethasone spray in the treatment of children with non-purulent rhinitis using rhinometric, cytologic and symptomatologic assessment.
J Otolaryngol 1989; 18: 151-4.

40. Guha A, Tator CH, Smith CR, Piper 1.
Improvement in post-traumatic spinal cord blood flow with a combination of a calcium channel blacker and a vasopressor. -
J Trauma 1989; 29: 1440-7.

41. Byard RW, Jiminez CL, Carpenter BF, Smith CR.
Congenital teratomas of the neck and nasopharynx: a clinical and pathological study of 18 cases.
J Pediatr Child Health 1990; 26:12-6.

42. Dykes EH, Bahoric A, Smith C, Kent G, Filler RM. Reduced tracheal growth after reconstruction with pericardium. J Pediatr Surg 1990; 25: 25-9.

43. Byard RW, Bohn DJ, Wilson G, Smith CR, Efn SH.
Unsuspected diaphragmatic hernia: a potential cause of sudden and unexpected death in infancy and early childhood.
J Pediatr Surg 1990; 25: 1166-8.

44. Qualrnan SJ, Petrie M, Karmali MA, Smith CR, Hamilton SR. Clostridium difficile invasion and toxic circulation in fatal pseudomembranous colitis. Am J Clin Pathos. 1990; 94: 410-6.

45. Byard RW, Keeley FW, Smith CR. Type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome presenting as sudden infant death. Am J Clin Pathol. 1990; 93: 579-582.

46. Byard RW, Chan H. Smith CR.
Endodermal sinus tumor of the nasopharynx and its association with previous congenital teratoma.
Pediatr Pathol. 1991; 11: 297-302.

47. Byard RW, Jimenez CL, Carpenter BF, Cutz E, Smith CR.
Four unusual cases of sudden and unexpected cardiovascular death in infancy and childhood.
Med Sci Law. 1991; 31: 157-161.

48. Watanabe N, Tsukada N, Smith CR, Phillips MJ. Motility of bile canaliculi in the living animal: implications for bile flow. J Cell Biol. 1991; 113: 1069-1.080.

49. Watanabe N. Tsukada N, Smith CR, Edwards V, Phillips MJ.
Permeabilized hepatocyte couplets: ATP-dependent bile canalicular contractions and a circumferential pericanalicular microfilament belt demonstrated.
Lab Invest. 1991; 65: 203-213.

50. Messineo A, Filler RM, Bahoric B. Smith C, Bahoric A. Successful tracheal autotransplantation with a vascularized omental flap. J Pediatr Surg. 1991; 26: 1296-1300.

51. Heiss K, Wesson D. Bohn D, Smith C, Wiseman N
Respiratory failure due to retained esophagus: a complication of esophageal replacement.
J Pediatr Surg. 1991; 26: 1359-1361.

52. Tatuch Y, Christodoulou J, Feigenbaum A, Clarke JTR, Wherret J, Smith C. Rudd N. Petrova-Benedict R, Robinson BH.
Heteroplasrnic mtDNA mutation (T-G) at 8993 can cause Leigh disease when the percentage of abnormal mtDNA is high.
Am J Hum Genet 1992; 50: 852-858.

53. Sargent MA, Liu PCF, Smith CR, Daneman A. Infradiaphragmatic pulmonary sequestration. Can Assoc Radiol J. 1992; 43: 208-211.

54. Silver MM, Smith CR
Diaphragmatic contraction band necrosis in a perinatal and infantile autopsy population.
Hum' Pathol. 1992; 23: 817-827.

55. Messineo A, Filler RM, Bahoric A, Smith CR. Repair of long tracheal defects with cryopreserved cartilaginous allografts. J Pediatr Surg. 1992; 27: 1131-1135.

56. Richardson SE, Rotrnan TA, Jay V, Smith CR, Becker LE, Petrie M, Olivieri N, Karmali MA.
Experimental verocytotoxemia in rabbits.
Infect Immun. 1992; 60: 4154-4167.

57. Messineo A, Wesson DE, Filler RM, Smith C. Juvenile hemangiomas involving the thoracic trachea in children: report of two cases. J Pediatr Surg. 1992; 27: 1291-1293.

58. Van Allen MI, Filippi G, Siegel-Bartelt J, Yong S-L, McGillivray B, Zuker RM, Smith CR, Magee JF, Ritchie S, Toi A, Reynolds JF.
Clinical variability within Brachman-de Lange syndrome: a proposed classification system.
Am J Med Genet. 1993; 47: 947-958.

59. Dautenhahn L, Babyn PS, Smith CR. Metastatic choriocarcinoma in an infant: imaging appearance. Pediatr Radiol. 1993; 23: 597-600.

60. Goldberg J, Liu P, Smith C. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma presenting with hemoperitoneum and shock. Pediatr Radiol 1994; 24:54-55.

61. Goldfarb 13, Khoury AE, Greenberg ML, Churchill BM, Smith CR, McLorie GA. The role of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in localized paratesticular rhabdomyoscarcoma.
J Urol. 1994; 152: 785-787.

62. Messineo A, Filler RM, Joseph T, Bahoric A, Smith CR.
Tracheoplasty without stent, using preshaped cryopreserved cartilage allografts in neonatal pigs.
J Pediatr Surg. 1994; 29: 697-700.

63. Provias JP, Ackerley CA, Smith C, Becker LE.
Cadmium encephalopathy: a case report with elemental analysis and pathological findings.
Acta Neuropath. 1994; 88: 583-586.

64. Silver MM, Denic N, Smith CR.
Development of the respiratory diaphragm in childhood: diaphragmatic contraction band necrosis in sudden death.
Human Pathol. 1996; 27: 57-62.

65. Perez-Ordonez B, Wesson D, Smith CR, Asa SL. Pancreatic cyst of anterior mediastinum. Mod Pathol 1996; 9: 210-214

66. Silver MM, Perrin D, Smith CR, Freedom RM. Tissue iron storage patterns in fetal hydrops associated with congestive heart failure. Pediatr Pathol Lab Med. 1996; 16: 563-5827

67. Fung LTC, Khouri AE, Vas SI, Smith C, Oreopoulos DG, Mittelman MW. Biocoompatibility of silver-coated peritoneal dialysis catheters in a porcine model. Perit Dial Int. 1996; 16: 398-405.

68. Scorpio RI, Wesson DE, Smith CR, Hu X, Spence LJ. Blunt cardiac injuries in children: a postmortem study. J Trauma. 1996; 41: 306-309.

69. Connolly B, Manson D, Eberhard A, Laxer RM, Smith C. CT appearance of pulmonary vasculitis in children. AJR. 1996; 167: 901-904.

70. Denic N, Huyer DW, Sinai SH, Lantz PE, Smith CR, Silver MM.
Cockroach: the omnivorous scavenger. Potential misinterpretation of postmortem injuries.
Am J Forens Med Pathol 1997; 18: 177-180.

71. Fraga JC, Filler RM, Forte V, Bahoric A, Smith C. Experimental trial of balloon-expandable, metallic Palmaz stent in the trachea. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 123: 522-528.

72. Costa T, Azouz EM, Fitzpatrick J, Kamel-Reid S, Smith CR, Silver MM Skeletal dysplasias with gracile bones: three new eases, including two offspring of a mother with a dwarfing condition.
Am J Med Genet. 1998; 76: 125-132.

73. Theodoreseu D, Balcom A, Smith CR, McLorie GA, Churchill BM, Khoury AE. Urethral replacement with vascularized tunica grafting: defining the optimal form of use.
J Urol. 1998; 159: 1708-1711.

74. Shannon P, Smith CR, Ang LC, Ho M, Becker LE. Axonal injury and the neuropathology of shaken baby syndrome. Pieta Neuropathologica. 1998; 95: 625-31.

75. Jay V, Smith CR. Forensic pathology check sample No. FP 98-9 (FP-240) [Retinal hemorrhage) Forens Pathol. 1998; 40: 111-127.

76. Davis JL, Heginbottom JA, Annan AP, Daniels RS, Berdal P. Bergan T, Duncan KE, Lewin P, Oxford JS, Roberts N, Skehel JJ, Smith CR.
Ground penetrating radar surveys to locate 1918 Spanish flu victims in permafrost. J Forens Sci. 2000; 45: 68-76

77. Margau R, Babyn P, Cole W, Smith C, Lee F. MR imging of simple bone cysts in children: not so simple. Pediatr Radiol. 2000; 30: 551-557.

78. Donner EJ, Smith CR, Snead OC. Sudden unexplained death in children with epilepsy. Neurology. 2001; 57: 430-434.

79. Hafez AF, Smith CR, McLorie GA, El-Ghoneimi A, Herz DB. Bagli DJ. Khoury AE. Tunica vaginalis for correction of penile chordee in a rabbit model: is there a difference in flap versus graft?
J Urol. 2001; 166: 1429-1432.

80. Ludwig K, Karmali MA, Smith CR, Petrie M.
Cross-protection against challenge by intravenous Escherichia coil verocytotoxin 1 (VT1) in rabbits immunized with VT2 toxoid.° -
Can J Microbiol. In press.

81. Lodha A, Wales PW, James A, Smith CR, Langer JC. Acute appendicitis with fulminant necrotizing fasciitis in a neonate. J Pediatr Surg. Accepted for publication.

82. Grant PA, Babyn PS, Smith CR. Recurrence of hepatoblastoma mimicked by surgicel: CT and US pitfall. Pediatr Radiol. Accepted for publication.

83. LeBlanc C, Dent P, Smith C, Babyn P, Laxer RM. Retroperitoneal fibrosis- an extra-articular manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis? Arthritis Care Res. Accepted for publication.

84. Valverde K, Henderson M, Smith CR, Tallet 5, Chan HSL.
Typical and atypical Carney's triad presenting with malignant hypertension and papilloedema.
J Pediatr Hematol Oneol. Accepted for publication.

85. Hafez AF, Bagli DJ, Herz DB, Smith CR, McLorie GA, El-Ghoneimi A, Khoury AE. Mechanism of healing following non-stented tubularized incised plate urethroplasty: experimental study in a rabbit model.
Submitted for publication.

86. Rutjes N, Beth Binnington B, Smith C, Maloney MD, Lingwood CA
Differential tissue targeting and pathogenesis of Verotoxins I and 2 in the mouse animal model.
Kidney International. Accepted for publication.

87. Wygnanski-Jaffe T, Murphy CJ, Smith C, Kubai M, Christopherson P, Ethier RC, Levin AV.
Protective ocular mechanisms in woodpeckers.
Submitted for publication.

b)Non-refereed publications:
i) Articles:

1. Smith CR.
An update on SIDS.
In: Proceedings of the Seminar on Forensic Pathology. Toronto, Government of Ontario. 1985; 94-113.

2. Smith CR.
Forensic paediatric pathology.
In: Proceedings of the Seminar on Forensic Pathology Toronto, Government of Ontario. 1985; 218-242.

3. Smith CR.
Preventable death.
In: Seminar on Forensic Pathology and the Homicide Investigator. Toronto, Government of Ontario. 1987; 390-397.

4. Farrow C, Smith CR. Test your diagnostic skills. Congenital epulis. University of Toronto Dental Journal. 1994; 7: 24-26.
ii) Book chapters: None

iii) Books edited:

Although not an author, I extensively edited and used a computer-based page description language to design and format the publication An. Atlas and Text of Ultra-structural Pathology of the Liver by M. J. Phillips, S. Poucell, J. Patterson and P. Valencia (New York: Raven Press, 1987, 568 pages), for which I was given special recognition. This was the first medical book to be published using this technology.

c) Papers presented:

1. Smith CR, Wilson W, Huber J, Gelfand EW, Baumal R.
The value of lymph node enzyme histochemistry in the diagnosis of immunodeficiency diseases.
Canadian Congress of Laboratory Medicine. June 1980, St. John's.

2. Smith CR, Taylor G, Baumal R, Chan H, Thom H, Mancer K. Endodermal sinus tumour in childhood. Canadian Congress of Laboratory Medicine. June 1981, Toronto.

3. Kassim 0, Smith CR, Thom H, Baumal R.
Localization of myoglobin in childhood rhabdomyosarcomas using an immunoperoxidase method.
Canadian Congress of Laboratory Medicine. June 1981, Toronto.

4. Smith CR, Baumal R, Mancer K.
Endodermal sinus tumours in infancy and childhood. International Academy of Pathology. March 1982, Boston. Lab Invest 1982; 46: 78A.

5. Smith CR, Thomas R, Noyce P, Mitchell D. Postmortem casting study of the pediatric airway. Pediatric Pathology Club. March 1982, Boston. Lab Invest 1982; 46: 15P.

6. Oshio C, Miyairi M, Smith C, Phillips MJ.
Temporal correlation of contractions in neighbouring bile canaliculi. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. May 1982, Chicago. Gastroenterology 1982; 82: 1239.

7. O'Sullivan P, Danernan A, Chan HSL, Smith CR, Robey G, Fitz C, Martin DJ. Extragonadal endodermal sinus tumors in children: a review of 24 cases. Society of Pediatric Radiology. May 1982, New Orleans.

8. Durie PR, Gaskin KJ, Largman C, Smith CR, Ogilvie JE.
The significance of trypsin-protease inhibitor bound complexes in acute pancreatitis. Society for Pediatric Research. May 1982, Washington DC.
Pediatr Research 1982; 16: 160A;

9. Armstrong EA, Noyce PW, Smith CR, Mitchell D, Harwood-Nash DCF. CT evaluation of the larynx and subglottic trachea in infants and children. lXth International Congress of Radiology in Otorhinolaryngology. June 1982, France.

10. Smith CR, Durie PR, Barker GA. Acute pancreatitis in childhood. Canadian Congress of Laboratory Medicine. June 1982, Vancouver.

11. Smith CR, Thomas R, Mitchell DP. Morphometry of the pediatric airway. Society for Ear, Nose and Throat Advances in Children. November 1982, Toronto.

12. Smith CR, Oshio C, Miyairi M, Katz H, Phillips Md.. Time-series analysis of bile canalicular contractions. International Academy of Pathology. February 1983, Atlanta. Lab Invest 1983; 48: 79A.

13. Prober CG, Whyte H, Smith CR.
The value of open lung biopsy in i rununocompromised children with pulmonary infiltrates.
Society for Pediatric Research. May 1983, Washington DC.
Pediatr Research 1983; 17: 279A.

14. Murphy P, Filler RM, Muraji T, Bahoric A, Kent G, Smith C. Effect of prosthetic airway splint on growing trachea. American Pediatric Surgical Association. May 1983, Hilton Head Island.

15. Yeger H, Bailey D, Baumal R, PawIin G, Stratis M, Smith CR, Phillips MJ. Characterization of tumour cells in Wilms' tumour (nephroblastoma) by immunohistochemical and heterotransplantation in nude mice: a model for studying tumour cell differentiation.
International Symposium on Cellular and Molecular Biology of Neoplasia. October 1983, Honey Harbour.

16. David SL, Smith CR, Absolom DR, Herbert MA. Direct current inhibition of tumor growth in a hamster model. Proceedings of the 187th Meeting of the American Chemical Society. 1983.

17. Yeger H, Pawlin G, Baumal R, Smith CR, Phillips MJ. Differentiation of nephroblastoma xenotransplants. Canadian Federation of Biological Societies, 26th Annual Meeting 80a. 1983.

18. Yeger H, Bailey D, Baumal R, Pawlin G, Stratis M, Smith CR, Phillips MJ. Immunohistochemical identification of tumor cells in Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma). American Association of Cancer Research. 1984, Toronto.

19. Qualman SJ, Higa'1E, Thom H, Smith CR.
Synovial sarcoma and its differential diagnosis in the pediatric age group. Pediatric Pathology Club. March 1984, San Francisco.
Lab Invest 1984; 50: 10P.

20. Krajbich JI, Daneman A, Smith CR, Donoghue V. Sacroiliac joint injuries in children. Canadian Orthopedic Association. 40th Annual Meeting. June 1984, Winnipeg.

21. Hoag G, Emson H, Smith C.
Congenital hepatic fibrosis and associated anomalies.
Canadian Congress of Laboratory Medicine. June 1984, Halifax. Clin Biochem 1984; 17: 211.

22. Whyte H, Hellman J, Butt W, Smith C, Levison H. Pulmonary involvement in neonatal cystic fibrosis. Canadian Pediatric Association. June 1984, Toronto.

23. Quahnan SJ, Petrie M, Smith CR, Karmali M, Hamilton SR. Clostridia-related pseudomembranous colitis in the pediatric age group. International Academy of Pathology. March 1984, Toronto.
Lab Invest 1985; 52: 53A.

24. Smith CR, Richardson S, Becker LE, Karmali M. The pathology of verotoxin -associated haemolytic urmmic syndrome (HUS). Canadian Congress of Laboratory Medicine. June 1985, Edmonton.

25. Thompson SMR, Smith CR, Zingg W.
The long-term effect of chronic endogenous hyperinsulinemia on the development of glomerulopathy in non-diabetic uni-nephredtomized rats:
American Physiological Society. October .1985, Niagara Falls.

26. Gamble KL, Spence L, Smith CR, Keystone JS.
Hepatitis B in Canadian missionaries serving in developing countries.
Canadian Association for Infectious Diseases. 53rd Conjoint Meeting. November 1985, Toronto.

27. Miyazaki A, Smith CR, Phillips MJ.
Effect of chlorpromazine hydrochloride on contraction of bile canaliculi: evidence from microinjection studies.
American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. November 1985, Chicago.

28. Smith CR, Watanabe N, Starr M, Phillips MJ.
Video-enhanced contrast microscopy: an investigative tool for pathologists. International Academy of Pathology. March 1986, New Orleans. Lab Invest 1986; 54: 59A.

29. O'Brien A, Chan HSL, Campbell AN, Smith CR.
Malignant neoplasms in the neonate.
Society for Pediatric Pathology. March 1986, New Orleans. Lab Invest 1986; 54: 6P.

30. Richardson SE, Jagadha V, Smith CR, Becker LE, Petrie M, Karmali MA. Pathological effects of injected H.30 Verotoxin (VI] in rabbits. American Society of Microbiology. March 1987, New Orleans.

31. Richardson SE, Jagadha V, Smith CR, Becker LE, Petrie M, Karmali MA. The pathology of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) associated with Verotoxin (VT)-producing Escherichia colt (VTEC) infection.
American Society of Microbiology. March 1987, New Orleans.

32. Qualman S, Aoyama C, Shimada H, Chan H, Smith C, Chatten J.
Conventional versus special neuroblastoma (NB): favorable prognosis correlates with stromal differentiation.
American Pediatric Society. May 1987, Anaheim.
Ped Research 1987; 21(Prt 2): 305A;

33. Babyn P, Daneman A, Smith C. Benign fatty tumors in children. Canadian Association of Radiologists. June 1987, Ottawa.

34. Laxer R, King S, Manson D, Smith C, Wilmot D, Shore A. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. American Rheumatology Association. June 1987, Washington.

35. Loeff DS, Filler RM, Vinograd I, Ein SH, Williams WG, Smith CR, Bahoric A. Congenital tracheal stenosis. Canadian Association of Pediatric Surgeons. September 1987, Winnipeg.

36. Macpherson T, Weinberg A, Shikes R, Smith C.
A survey of medical student pediatric pathology education. Society for Pediatric Pathology. February 1988, Washington. Lab Invest 1988; 58: 6P.

37. Smith CR.
The implementation of a pathology information system on a microcomputer-based fourth generation language.
International Academy of Pathology. March 1988, Washington.
Lab Invest 1988; 58: 86A.

38: Silver MM, Smith CR. Diaphragmatic contraction band necrosis in asphyxiated infants. Canadian Congress of Laboratory Medicine. June 1988, Winnipeg.

39. Watanabe N, Tsukada N, Smith CR, Phillips MJ.
The permeabilized hepatocyte couplet: a model to study cytoskeletal canalicular motility independent of secretion.
International Association for the Study of the Liver. November 1988, Toronto.

40. Byard RW, Smith CR, Jiminez CL, Carpenter BF.
Congenital teratomas of the neck and nasopharynx-a clinical and pathological study of 18 cases.
Society for Pediatric Pathology. March 1989, San Francisco.
Lab Invest. 1989; 60: 2P.

41. Silver MM, Smith CR.
Diaphragmatic contraction band necrosis (D-CBN) in a newborn autopsy population. Society for Pediatric Pathology. March 1989, San Francisco.
Lab Invest. 1989; 60: 7P.

42. Dykes EH, Kent G, Bahoric A, Smith C, Filler RM.
A comparative study of pericardium and periosteum in tracheal reconstruction for tracheal stenosis.
American Pediatric Surgery Association. May 1989, Baltimore.

43. Kirsch SE, Holland FJ, Smith CR, Goldberg SD, Bechai, S, Wielgosz GJ. Comparison of histologic, biochemical, and flow cytometric analysis of the long term effects of a polymer bound, depot formation of a GnRH analog (Zoladex) on testicular tissue.
The Endocrine Society. June 1989, Seattle.

44. Byard RW, Bohn DJ, Wilson G, Smith CR, Ein SH.
Unsuspected diaphragmatic hernia-a potential cause of sudden death in infancy and early childhood.
Canadian Association of Pediatric Surgeons. September 1989, Edmonton.

45. Smith CR, Portman J. A microcomputer-based information system for pathology. Ontario Association of Pathologists. October 1989, Niagara-on-the-Lake.

46. Silver MM, Smith CR
Diaphragmatic contraction band necrosis in 50 well infants who died suddenly. Society for Pediatric Pathology. March 1990, Boston.
Lab Invest 1990: 62: 8P.

47. Smith CR, Portman JD.
An information system for pathology using a microcomputer-based fourth-generation language.
Information Technology in the Health Care Sciences, May 1990, Memphis.

48. Khoury AE, McLorie GA, Balcom AH, Smith CR.
Urethral reconstruction using a tunica vaginalis vascularized flap in an animal model. American Urological Association. May 1990, New Orleans.
J Urol. 1990; 143: 189A.

49. Khoury AE, McLorie GA, Balcom AK Smith CR. Urethral reconstruction using a tunica vaginalis vascularized flap in an animal model. Canadian Urological Association. June 1990, Vancouver.

50. Heiss K, Wesson D, Bohn D, Smith C, Wiseman N.
Respiratory failure due to retained esophagus: a complication of esophageal replacement. -
Canadian Association of Pediatric Surgeons. August 1990, St. John's.

51. Messineo A, Filler RM, Bahoric B, Smith C, Bahoric A. Successful tracheal autotransplantation with a vascularized omental flap. Canadian Association of Pediatric Surgeons. August 1990, St. John's.

52. Walmsley S, Ford-Jones L, King S, Farouk M, Devi S, Schneider R, Hummel D, Smith C, Greenberg M, Saunders F, Richardson S.
Invasive aspergillus infections in a pediatric hospital.
Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.' September 1990, Toronto.

53. Byard RW, Smith CR, Bourne AJ.
Endodermal sinus tumour of the nasopharynx in childhood- a clinicopathologic study.
Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia and Haematology Society of Australia. October 1990, Christchurch, New Zealand.

54. Byard RW, Bourne AJ, Smith CR, Cutz E.
Variable mechanisms associated with sudden and unexpected cardiovascular death in infancy and childhood due to disorders of connective tissue.
Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia and Haematology Society of Australia. October 1990, Christchurch, New Zealand.

55. McLachlin CM, Smith CR. The pathology of fatal shaken baby syndrome. International Association of Forensic Sciences. October 1990, Adelaide, Australia.

56. Levin AV, Enzenauer RW, Elder JE, Smith CR, Heathcote G, Becker L, Morin JD. Postmortem orbital findings in the shaken baby syndrome. American Academy of Ophthalmology. October 1990, Atlanta.

57. Smith CR, McLachlln CM, Young JG.
Optic nerve injury in the 'shaken baby syndrome' fog iii of fatal child abuse. United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology. March 1991, Chicago. Lab Invest 1991; 64: 111A.

58. Babyn PS, Smith C, Daneman A. Nonvisceral adipose tumors. International Pediatric Radiology. May 1991, Stockholm.

59. Messineo A, Filler RM, Smith C, Bahoric A. Cryopreservation of pig trachea. Canadian Association of Pediatric Surgeons. September 1991, Quebec.

60. Messineo A, Filler RM, Bahoric A, Smith C. The repair of long tracheal defects with cryopreserved cartilaginous allografts. American Academy of Pediatrics. October 1991, New Orleans.

61. Messineo A, Filler RM, Bahoric A, Smith CR. Experimental tracheoplasties with cryopreserved cartilage allografts. Fifth Workshop in Pediatric Surgical Research. May 1992, Ferrara, Italy.

62. Smith CR, Denic N, Brookes R, Young J. Accidental bathtub drowning in infancy and childhood. American Academy of Forensic Sciences. February 1993. Boston.

63. Smith CR, Denic N, Armstrong RF.
Familial fibromuscular dysplasia presenting as sudden and unexpected death in the young. -
American Academy of Forensic Sciences. February 1993. Boston.

64. Denic N, Smith CR. Filicide by_asphyxia. American Academy of Forensic Sciences. February 1993. Boston.

65. Denic N, Becker LE, Young J, Smith CR. Pediatric forensic pathology: a 15 year survey in a large Canadian city. American Academy of Forensic Sciences. February 1993. Boston.

66. Matthews G, Khoury AE, Mclorie GA, Steckler RE, Smith CR, Churchill BM. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in infancy and childhood: new concepts. American Urological Association. May 1993, San Antonio.

67. Messineo A, Filler RM, Joseph T, Bahoric A, Smith CR.
Tracheoplasty without stent using preshaped, cryopreserved cartilage allografts in neonatal pigs. Pacific Association of Pediatric Surgeons. May 1993, Cairns, Australia.

68. Smith CR, Denic N, Young J. Medico-legal investigation of heart disease in the young: the Toronto experience. American Academy of Forensic Sciences. February 1994. San Antonio.

69. Smith CR, Denic N, Young J. Trauma to the fetus associated with motor vehicle accidents. American Academy of Forensic Sciences. February 1994. San Antonio.

70. Denic N, Smith CR. Hydranencephaly in two newborns: infanticide vs. euthanasia. American Academy of Forensic Sciences. February 1994. San Antonio.

71. Denic N, Smith CR, Young J. Death from child abuse versus falls. American Academy of Forensic Sciences. February 1994. San Antonio.

72. Manson D, O'DonneIly B, Smith C. CT appearances of vasculitic lung disease. Society for Pediatric Radiology. May 1994. Colorado Springs.

73. Filler RM, Fraga C, Bahoric A, Smith C. The effect of balloon expandible metallic stent on the normal and repaired trachea. Association of Academic Surgeons. November 1994. Albuquerque.

74. Smith CR, Denic N,
Sudden and unexpected death in children due to airway obstruction. American Academy of Forensic Sciences. February 1995. Seattle. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. 1995; 1:131.

75. Denic N. Smith CR, Silver MM.
Diaphragmatic contraction band necrosis in different modes of sudden death in childhood.
American Academy of Forensic Sciences. February 1995. Seattle. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. 1995; 1:135.

76. Denic N, Dunjic D, Smith CR.
Excavation of Jugoslavian execution pits: journey to the center of the earth. American Academy of Forensic Sciences. February 1995. Seattle. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. 1995; 1:95.

77. Smith CR, Young K, Young JG.
A review of neonaticide in the Province of Ontario.
American Academy of Forensic Sciences. February 1996. Nashville. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. 1996; 2:126.

78. Smith CR, Connolly B, Babyn PS.
Postmortem imaging of rib fractures in infancy.
American Academy of Forensic Sciences. February 1996. Nashville. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. 1996; 2:126-127.

79. Denic N, Smith CR, Cairns J.
An unusual ski death: the mechanism and legal outcome.
American Academy-of Forensic Sciences. February 1996. Nashville. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. 1996; 2:155-156.

80. Fraga JC, Filler RM, Forte V, Bahoric A, Smith C Experimental trial of balloon expandable Palmaz stent in the trachea. American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology. May 1996. Orlando.

81. Nowacyzk MJM, Smith C, Siegel-Bartelt J Genetic heterogeneity in forelimb duplication. American Society of Human Genetics, November 1996. San Francisco.

82. Smith CR, Jay V. Postmortem study of intraocular hemorrhage associated with natural disease. National Conference on Shaken Baby Syndrome. November 1996. Salt Lake City.

83. Smith CR, Taylor GT.
Spanking-type injuries causing death in two children.
American Academy of Forensic Sciences. February 1997. New York City. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. 1997; 3: 144.

84. Sirkin WL, Perrin D, Moore A, Smith CR, Cutz E, Silver MM.
Pulmonary acinar dysplasia: morphometric analysis of bronchial pattern and small arteries.
Society for Pediatric Pathology. February 1997. Orlando.

85. McCloskey DA, Babyn PS, Smith C. Dating of rib fractures in child abuse. Society for Pediatric Radiology. 1997. St. Louis.

86. Milman RJ, Thomas KE, Babyn PS, Gingold E, Stephens D, Smith C, Daneman A. Manson D, Williams T, Ranson M, MacDonald C.
Image quality of the iiRAD direct ray radiography system compared with detail film-screen radiography in neonates.
Society for Pediatric Radiology. May 1999. Vancouver.

87. Donner EJ, Smith CR, Snead C Sudden unexplained death in children with epilepsy. Canadian Congress of Neurosciences. June 2000. Ottawa.

88. Sanatani S, Smith C, Adatia I.
Sudden unexpected death in children with heart disease: who dies before the next clinic appointment.
American Heart Association. November 2000. New Orleans.

89. Ngan B, Teshina I, Nie G, Zielensak M, Chan W, Ho M, Litsas L, Smith C, Mandel K. Weitzman S.
Pediatric T cell lymphoma in a patient with Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS): an unusual case with lymphoepithelioid/Lennert lymphoma features.
United States Canadian Academy of Pathology. March .2001. Atlanta.
Mod Pathol. 2001; 14: 214A.

90. Hafez AF, Smith CR, McLorie GA, El-Ghoneirni A, Herz DB, Bagli DJ, Khoury AE. Tunica vaginalis for correction of penile chordee American Urological Association. June 20017 Anaheim.

d) Invited lectures:

1. New advances in tumour diagnosis using immunofluorescent methods. Faculty of Medicine: Continuing Medical Education Course in Immunopathology for the Practising Pathologist.
October 1981, Toronto.

2. The Sick Children's Hospital digoxin deaths - what have we learned? Annual Meeting of the Canadian Medical Association. August 1985, Ottawa.

3. An update on SIDS. Ministry of the Solicitor General: Seminar on Forensic Pathology. September 1985, Toronto.

4. Forensic paediatric pathology. Ministry of the Solicitor General: Seminar on Forensic Pathology September 1985, Toronto.

5. Pediatric forensic pathology. Canadian Congress of Laboratory Medicine. June 1987, Quebec.

6. Preventable death in children. Ministry of the Solicitor General: Forensic Pathology and the Homicide Investigator. Toronto, September 1987;
_
7. The pathologist's role in sudden infant death syndrome. Canadian Foundation for the Study of Infant Deaths. September 1987, Toronto.

8. Image analysis and processing in pathology. University of British Columbia. October 1987, Vancouver.

9. The role of microcomputers in anatomic pathology. British Columbia Children's Hospital. October 1987, Vancouver.

10. Unnatural pediatric deaths. Ministry of the Solicitor General: Ontario Educational Course for Coroners. October 1987, Toronto.

11. Implementation of a pathology information system on a fourth generation language. Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor University. May 1988, Houston.

12. Pediatric forensic pathology. Canadian Congress of Laboratory Medicine. June 1988, Winnipeg.

13. Resident education and graded responsibility. Canadian Congress of Laboratory Medicine. June 1988, Winnipeg.

Curriculum Vitae: Charles R. Smith
14. Accidental and non-accidental death in children. Ontario Association of Crown Attorneys. July 1988, Goderich.

15. Lethal child abuse. Ministry of the Solicitor General: Forensic Pathology and the Homicide Investigator. Toronto, September 1988.

16. The digoxin deaths at The Hospital for Sick Children. Toronto Medical Society. October 1988, Toronto.

17. Birth trauma: when to call the Coroner. Faculty of Medicine: Continuing Medical Education Course in Perinatal Pathology. November 1988, Toronto.

18. Image processing in pathology. Visiting Professor, University of Ottawa. February 1989, Ottawa.

19. The pediatric autopsy. Humber College: Funeral Services Education Program. March 1989, Toronto.

20. An update on SIDS. Canadian Foundation for the Study of Infant Deaths. March 1989, Toronto.

21. A look at liver cells. Special Lecturer, University of Ottawa Resident Research Day. May 1989, Ottawa.

22. Image processing and analysis in the pathology laboratory. Toronto Institute of Medical Technology, 1989 Seminar Day. June 1989, Toronto.

23. Workshop on pediatric forensic pathology. Canadian Congress of Laboratory Medicine. June 1989, Ottawa.

24. Pediatric forensic pathology. Ministry of the Solicitor General: Seminar on Forensic Pathology. September 1989, Toronto.

25. The shaking-whiplash injury. Ministry of the Solicitor General: Educational Course for Crown Attorneys. November 1989, Toronto.

26. The medical aspects of child abuse. First National Conference on Child Abuse and Abduction. November 1989, Calgary.

27. SIDS: Why do babies die in infancy? Canadian Foundation for the Study of Infant Deaths. December 1989, Toronto.

28. Forensic pathology of infancy and childhood. Homicide Investigator's Seminar. February 1990, Toronto.

29. Practical pediatric forensic pathology. North East Ohio Universities College of Medicine. March 1990, Akron.

30. Investigation of homicides in children. Bick Police College, Metropolitan Toronto Police June 1990, Toronto.

31. The investigation of sudden infant death syndrome and of child abuse Criminal Investigator's Seminar, Ontario Provincial Police College August 1990, Brampton.

32. Coroner for the 90's: Religion, funeral practices and the autopsy. Ministry of the Solicitor General: Educational Course for Coroners October 1990, Toronto.

33. Fatal abuse and sexual abuse. Bick Police College, Metropolitan Toronto Police November 1990, Toronto.

34. Pediatric pathology. Humber College: Funeral Services Education Program. January 1991, Toronto.

35. The pathology of shaken baby syndrome.
First North American Conference on Child Abuse and Neglect, and Fourth National Child Abuse Conference (USA).
June 1991, Toronto.

36. The postmortem timing of injuries.
First North American Conference on Child Abuse and Neglect, and Fourth National Child Abuse Conference (USA).
June 1991, Toronto.

37. Child abuse. Bick Police College, Metropolitan Toronto Police June 1991, Toronto.

38. Workshop on the investigation of pediatric deaths. Ministry of the Solicitor General: Educational Course for Coroners October 1991, Toronto.

39. The pathology of child homicide. Tenth Annual Homicide Investigator's Seminar. April 1992, Toronto.

40. See you in court (the invitation you cannot refuse). Guest Lecture, Anaesthesia Research Day, University of Toronto May 1992, Toronto.

41. Workshop on the microcomputer as a personal productivity tool for pathologists. Canadian Congress of Laboratory Medicine June 1992, Toronto.

42. Forensic identification in the pediatric autopsy. Canadian Identification Society July 1992, Hamilton.

43. Update on SIDS. Canadian Foundation for the Study of Infant Deaths. December 1992, Toronto.

44. Physical signs in child abuse. National Conference on Child Abuse. April 1993, Calgary.

45. Pediatric death investigation. Ministry of the Solicitor General. May 1993, Toronto.

46. The Ontario Pediatric Forensic Pathology Unit. International Association of Coroners and Medical Examiners. June 1993, Toronto.

47. Sudden death in the young. Ontario Association of Pathologists. October 1993, Kingston.

48. Child physical abuse: value of medical evaluation in investigation. Institute for Prevention of Child Abuse. October 1994, Toronto.

49. The future of forensic pathology in Ontario
Ministry of Solicitor General: Educational Course for Coroners and Forensic Pathologists.
October 1994, Toronto.

50. A review of sudden death. Eastern Ontario Coroners Association. February 1995, Belleville.

51. Pediatric homicides. Metropolitan Toronto Bick Police College. June 1995, Toronto.

52. Parents who kill. Advanced Homicide Investigators' Seminar. June 1995, Toronto.

53. Investigating pediatric homicides. Ontario Police College. July 1995, Aylmer.

54. Child deaths. Williams Homicide Seminar, New York State Police College. September 1995, Albany.

55. Avoiding courtroom trauma. Interactions with the crown and defense. 1995 Course for Coroners and Pathologists, Ministry of the Solicitor General. October 1995, Toronto.

56. SIDS and SUDS. 1995 Course for Coroners and Pathologists, Ministry of the Solicitor General. October 1995, Toronto.

57. Deaths under suspicious circumstances. Child physical abuse update: a medical conference. October 1995. Toronto.

58. Pediatric homicide investigation. Metropolitan Toronto Bick Police College. November 1995, Toronto.

59. SIDS, SUDs and suspicious deaths. York County Hospital Lecture Series. January 1996, Newmarket.

60. Neonatal deaths: birth trauma, birth asphyxia and maternal trauma. Ontario Coroners Association. May 1996, Niagara-on-the-Lake.

61. The exhumation at Svalbard Kirke. Planning Conference for the Identification of the 1918 Influenza. August 1996, Windsor.

62. Homicide in the young. Ministry of Solicitor General: Forensic Pathology Course for Regional Pathologists. November 1996, Toronto.

63. SIDS and SUD: pathology and pathobiology University of Manitoba December 1996, Winnipeg.

64. Cardiac causes of sudden death in children. University of Manitoba December 1996, Winnipeg.

65. Suspicious death in the young. Royal Canadian Mounted Police December 1996, Winnipeg.

66. Investigating homicides in children. Westman Regional Laboratories December 1996, Brandon.

67. Ground penetrating radar as an aid to the exhumations at Svalbard Kirke. Second Planning Conference for the Identification of the 1918 Influenza. April 1997, Atlanta.

68. Pathology of sudden unexpected death in childhood. Canadian Association of Pathologists September 1997, Vancouver.

69. Investigating suspicious death in the young. Ontario-Michigan Association of Forensic Identification Officers October 1997, Innisfale.

70. The exhumations in the Spanish flu project. UNIS (University in Svalbard), Norway October 1997, Norway.

71. The pathology of child abuse/homicide. Ministry of the Solicitor General/Coroner's Pathologist Course October 1997, Toronto.

72. The scientific basis of child abuse evaluations. Association of Family Court Judges of Ontario January 1998, Toronto.

73. In search of a frozen killer. Pickering College January 1998, Newmarket.

74. A novel approach to the exhumation at Svalbard Kirke. Third Planning Conference for the Identification of the 1918 Influenza. February 1998, National Institute for Medical Research, London.

88. From the laboratory to the court room. National Society for Histotechnology April 1998, Toronto.

89. Pediatric forensic pathology. Ontario Provincial Police June 1998, Orillia. -
90. Pathology of sudden unexpected death in childhood. Canadian Association of Pathologists September 1998, Toronto.

91. Adventures with ground penetrating radar. Ontario Coroners Association. April 1999, Niagara-on-the-Lake.

92. Arctic adventure: in search of a frozen killer. Departmental Banquet, University of Toronto May 1999, Toronto;

93. SIDS and SBS Department of Pathology, South Saskatchewan Hospitals May 1999, Regina.

94. Missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis in shaken baby syndrome. First Canadian Conference on Shaken Baby Syndrome May 1999, Saskatoon.

95. Timing of shaken baby syndrome injuries. First Canadian Conference on Shaken Baby Syndrome May 1999, Saskatoon.

96. Sudden death in the young: lessons from the autopsy suite Annual Shokeir Lecture, University of Saskatchewan May 1999, Saskatoon.

97. In search of a frozen killer. University of Saskatchewan May 1999, Saskatoon.

98. Child homicide. Ontario Crown Attorneys Association August 1999, London.

99. Fatal child abuse. Bick Police College September 1999, Toronto.

100. Studies in field methods. McMaster University February 2000, Hamilton.

101. Application of ground-penetrating radar in forensic anthropology. First Annual Course in Anthropological Forensic Recovery. September 2000, York Region.

102. Sudden death in the young. American Association of Pathology Assistants. September 2000, Toronto.

e) Non-medical publications:

1. Smith CR
Building a dado jig.
Shop Notes. 1995; 4(23) : 29.

VIII. TEACHING ACTIVITIES:

a) Undergraduate teaching:

1989 -1997 Dentistry 203S: General Pathology
My initial responsibility was that of teaching the neoplasia section of this course for second year dentistry students. From 1992 to 1995, I was the coordinator for this course. Subsequently, I continued to participate in the teaching of dentistry students, including the introduction of forensic sciences and forensic odontology to the dentistry curriculum.

1989 -1996 Physical Therapy 204H: Introduction to Pathology;

I teach the pathobiology of neoplasia for second year physiotherapy students. Prior to 1994, this was also taught -to nursing students as Nursing 204H.

I990-I996 Pharmacy 371 S: Pathophysiology of Disease;

I teach the pathology of infancy and childhood to third year pharmacy students.

1988 - 1992 Pathology : Principles of Pathology for Second Year Medical Students
My role was that of a laboratory/seminar group leader during the second quarter.

1984 - 1986 Law 205F: That Advocacy
My participation in this course centred on the teaching of techniques for the examination of an expert witness.

Supervision of Student Electives

1998 I supervised a 1-month elective in pediatric forensic pathology for John Fanton, a final year medical student at State University of New York-Buffalo.
Supervision of Summer Student Electives

1991 I organized and supervised the summer programs for two second year medical students (Messrs. Peter Seshardi and Barry Mitchell), who were funded to describe health care in the Transkei.

1993 Mr Paul Pede (third year student in Biomedical Communications) developed a computer-based, three-dimensional animation sequence which modelled the activity of the bile canaliculus.

1995 Mr Kevin Young (first year student in Science). We developed a multimedia presentation on how to investigate homicides in children.

b) Graduate courses:
1982 - Pathology 1005Y: General and Special Pathology for Residents
This is listed as a graduate course but is primarily for postgraduate students, It teaches both the current practices in diagnostic pathology as well as recent advances in the basic and applied methods of pathology. For three years, I organized this course (1982 - 1985), and since then have given lectures.

1981-1994 Hospital Chaplaincy: The Role of Pathology;
This annual lecture was given to theology students of various denominations who are enrolled in the graduate course on hospital chaplaincy.

1982 - 1989 Nursing 1015H: Selected Topics in Pathology
This elective course is given to graduate students in the Faculties of Nursing and Dentistry. My responsibility was to teach basic mechanisms and relevant clinical characteristics of neoplasia.

c) Theses supervised: None.

d) Postdoctoral fellows: None.

e) Resident teaching:
From July 1985 to June 1989, I was Program Director for postgraduate training in Pathology. Subsequently, I was awarded the Department of Pathology's John B. Walter Prize;

Next posting: Part Two: Dr. Smith's C.V.

Harold Levy...hlevy15@gmail.com;